Old Testament

Petroleum—a natural mineral oil—was referred to as early as the Old Testament. The word petroleum means rock oil [from the Greek petros (rock) and elaion (oil)]. It has been found for centuries seeping out of the ground, for example, in the Los Angeles basin in what are now called the La Brea tar pits. Vast deposits were found in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa. 

G. K. Beale, John s Use of the Old Testament in Revelation (Shefield Sheffield Academic Press, 1998), 105 ff on the dragon and the seven lampstands (Churches.) Lampstands and stars are equated in Revelation 1 20. 

Beale, G. K., John s Use of the Old Testament in Revelation (Sheffield Sheffield Academic Press, 1998). 

The "smelly shoe" of the elements. The oxidation product S02 has an acrid, burning smell, the reduction product H2S stinks like rotten eggs and is very toxic. Sulfur is, nevertheless, a most useful element. It occurs in elemental form and has therefore been known for a long time is mentioned in the Old Testament. Its main application today is in the production of fertilizers. Considerable amounts of sulfur are used in tire production for vulcanization. Sulfur is also a component of gunpowder. Physiologically indispensable as thioacetic acid and especially the S-S bridges that fix proteins in their shapes (e.g. insulin, but also in perms). A 70-kg human being contains 140 g of sulfur. 

Notes from Underground The Odyssey Oedipus Trilogy Of Human Bondage Of Mice and Men The Old Man and the Sea Old Testament Oliver Twist... 

The exact history of the discovery of iron is unclear. There is a reference in the Old Testament mythology of Genesis that refers to a descendant of Adam as an iron instructor of every artificer in brass and iron. Archeological artifacts made from smelted iron are known from about 3000 bce. Iron seems to have been introduced as the last stage in the age of met-... 

It was not until about 4000 bce that humans learned how to obtain these base metals from ores by using heat. Both the refining of and the uses for silver as jewelry are described in ancient Egyptian writings as well as the Old Testament of the Bible. During these ancient times, silver was more valuable than gold primarily because it was more difficult to find in its natural state as well as to extract from its ores. 

Tin was known and used at least 5,500 years ago, when it was described in the oldest written records of the Mediterranean region. It is included in the book of Numbers in the Old Testament, along with the other then-known seven metals (gold, silver, copper, lead, brass, and iron). Bronze is an alloy of 20% tin and 80% melted copper, resulting in a metal that is harder than either pure tin or pure copper. Bronze was an extremely important metal because... 

Many odd people come calling on the Maestro, but probably no couple I have ever found waiting out there at the top of the stairs has surprised me more. The woman was swathed from the ground up in the habit of a Benedictine nun, with only her fingers visible to show that there was a woman inside that menacing pillar of black. The man at her side, gray robed and tonsured, was the third Michiel son, the former Timoteo. I bowed to his austere. Old Testament stare. 

Why No, Fedele was not Old Testament. He was a martyr, and his emaciated, anguished features belonged on a cmcifix or a triptych from some gloomy, sin-obsessed medieval monastery. He looked as if he had been fasting since midsummer on an exercise regime of three flagellations a day. 

He headed for the door. The nun rose. I rose. But then Fedele wheeled around as if he had reached a decision. His voice seemed to resonate with the baleful reproach of fearsome Old Testament prophets. Murderers usually have some reason for killing their victims, Filippo, even if it is only to lift their purses. Have you discovered yet why our father was stabbed to death ... 

Elemental sulfur is commonly known and widely used. Its properties are already described in the Old Testament and in Homer s Odyssey. It exists in several different forms. 

The chemical elements which were undoubtedly known to the ancient world are the metals gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin, and mercury, and the non-metals sulfur and carbon. The ancient Jews, as one learns from the Old Testament, were certainly acquainted with the first six. 

The word copper appears in the Old Testament only in the passage where Ezra describes the treasure which he weighed out and committed to the twelve priests. Besides the silver and gold were two vessels of fine copper, precious as gold (11). Leroy Waterman, however, interprets this word as fine burnished bronze (37) The modem Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese translations also render it as bronze (88, 91). 

According to the Encyclopaedia Biblica, the word diamond as used in the old Testament probably does not refer to the true diamond but more likely to corundum (22, 36). The ancient Hindu scriptures, the Vedas, the Ramayana, and the Mahabharata, make frequent mention of the diamond. 

The inhabitants of ancient Nineveh used an asphaltic mortar prepared from partially evaporated petroleum (8). In some translations of the Old Testament, this substance is called pitch or slime. When Noah built the ark, he was told to pitch it within and without with pitch. For building the Tower of Babel, Noah s descendants had brick for stone, and slime had they for mortar (9). 

Some words, however, should be approached with caution. The ancient Hebrew name for God was thought to be so powerful that merely saying it could get one into deep trouble and cause the universe to rend. One of God s several names is the Tetragrammaton, which we might represent with English characters as YHVH. It s a four-letter name of God first mentioned in the book of Genesis and usually translated as the Lord. Although there are many names of God in the Old Testament, this one occurs most often (6,823 times) and is written in Hebrew as ... 

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