Oils, fixed sulphurated

Fixed oil of Sulphur. Parachemy 6, no. 1 (Winter 1978) 504-. fhttp // homepages.ihug.com.au/ panopus/parachemv/parachemyvil.htm sulphurl. 

LION. - Symbol of the fixed, Sulphur, when alone. If carrying wings, it represents the volatile, Mercury. The lion represents also the mineral, (green vitriol), from whence is extracted the oil of vitriol, (sulphuric acid), which was so extensively used by the alchemists. The lion opposed to three other animals represents the element. Earth. In fine it is the symbol of the Stone. The lioness represents the volatile. 

The acid of sulphur was precisely the same as that of vitriol and alum, as Homberg had earlier predicted. It produced alum with simple earth, vitriol with an earthly and a metallic matter, and common sulphur with an earthly and a bituminous or inflammable matter. Homberg believed that the second component, a dense, bloody red oil, was the true sulphur or the inflammable part of common sulphur, carried in the minimal amount of distilled oil which served as a vehicle. The sulphur principle still eluded him, however. The third component, an earth, was extremely fixed (having lost the volatile component of oil) and nearly inalterable. Even when exposed to the burning glass, it only produced fumes without burning. 

Fixed salts that contained an acid and an earth needed only an inflammable oil to produce sulphur. Some acid salts, such as dried marine salt and fixed niter, did not produce sulphur, however this indicated that their acids were probably different from that of sulphur, vitriol, and alum. Geoffroy named the acid of sulphur vitriolic acid to distinguish it from others. 

The Rootmoisture is also called a fatty Earth, because it is an oily Golddust, a fatty red Powder, a thick Water or Oil, this the Philosophers quite often call the sulphuric incombustible fixed red Lilysap, or sometimes it is also called a Maccabean Fire. 

As regards the power of dissolving the greatest number of substances, water is the first in the rank of simple solvents, alcohol the next, and ether third. Then follow spirits of turpentine, pyroxylic spirit, the volatile and fixed oils, chloroform, and a host of other liquids suitable to particular substances. Of the atkalie.s, aqua ammonia, or potassa, are most used the former preferably because of its volatility, and that of most of its salts. All of the common ncids are employed, though some few only are of general application, such as the muriatic, nitric, sulphuric, acetic and tartaiic. 

Oiling The fibre is repeatedly treated with Toumant oil (rancid olive oil). The oil has to be fixed so the textile is dried between the various oiling steps. In 1872 this procedure was optimised by the introduction of a new oil and a continuous drying process. The new oil known as Turkish red oil consisted of castor oil made soluble in water by sulphonation with sulphuric acid [13,20] Before the oiling step the cloth was steamed under an overpressure of 0.5-2 atm for a couple of hours [20]. There is no widely accepted explanation available why an oiling step improves the colour of the dyed textile [13,20]. 

Gaseous sulphur emissions coming from the refineries and their products, represent a risk for the environment (smoke and acid rain) and a health hazard. Also gas emissions containing sulphur from the combustion of fossil fuels inhibit the catalysts of exhaust systems and there is every reason to think that the level of 50 ppm fixed for 2005 for gasoline and gas oil may well only be a step towards levels closer to zero (2, 30). 

Characters.—Fixed, viscid colour brownish-yellow taste acrid odour faintly nauseous. The oil expressed in England is soluble in an equal volume of rectified spirit of wine. Indian croton oil, agitated with cold rectified spirit forms a milky looking emulsion, which becomes transparent on the application of heat, but which, on cooling and standing, allows the oil to separate and subside. Croton oil is readily dissolved by sulphuric ether and by the fixed and volatile oils. 

I say, moreover, that this sulphur doth tinge and fix, and is held by the conjunction of the tinctures oils also tinge, but fly away, which in the body are contained, which is a conjunction of fugitives only with sulphurs and albuminous bodies, which hold also and detain the fugitive ens. 

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