Of nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose is among the least stable of common explosives. At 125°C it decomposes autocatalyticaHy to CO, CO2, H2O, N2, and NO, primarily as a result of hydrolysis of the ester and intermolecular oxidation of the anhydroglucose rings. At 50°C the rate of decomposition of purified nitrocellulose is about 4.5 x 10 %/h, increasing by a factor of about 3.5 for each 10°C rise in temperature. Many values have been reported for the activation energy, E, and Arrhenius frequency factor, Z, of nitrocellulose. Typical values foiE and Z are 205 kj/mol (49 kcal/mol) and 10.21, respectively. The addition of... 

M. R. Olsen and R. K. Major, Comparative Study of Dehydrating Processes in the Manufacture of Nitrocellulose, United Technology Chemical Systems Division, Suimyvale, Calif., 1975. 

Table 4. Thermochemical, Thermodynamic, and Performance Characteristics of Nitrocellulose Gun Propellants ...

Table 10. Composition and Properties of Nitrocellulose-Based Cast Propellants...

Volume ratio (ASTM D1720) of diluent to solvent that just fails to dissolve completely 8 g of nitrocellulose in 100 mL of solvent. The higher the dilution ratio, the mote diluent the solution tolerates. 

The first plastic was celluloid, made of nitrocellulose softened by vegetable oils and camphor. It was used for car windshields and for movie film. The first completely synthetic plastic was bakelite (1910) produced from phenol and formaldehyde for use in the electrical industry. 

It is easy to measure the potential of this system and it has been found that membranes of polystyrene, linseed oil and a tung oil varnish yielded diffusion potentials of 43-53 mV, the dilute solution being always positive to the concentrated. Similar results have been obtained with films of nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate , alkyd resin and polyvinyl chloride . 

Comparison of Sulfate Removal in Samples of Nitrocellulose by Acid Boil... 

Tensile Strength of Cast Double-Base Powder as a Function of Nitrocellulose Content P 423 Elongation of Cast Double-Base Powder as a Function of Nitrocellulose. Content. .. P 423 Modulus of Elasticity of Cast Double-Base Powder as a Function of 1 1 ... 

PicArsn FRL Res Engr Lgbk 761-146 (1973) 56) S.I. Morrow, Microscopical Combustion Studies of Nitrocellulose Thin Films in Pres surized Capillary Tubes , Microscope 22, 229— 241 (1973) 57) Anon, Element Analysis of... 

Composition of the nitrating mixture, % Composition of the spent acid, % Cellulose to acid ratio 1 j Nitrogen content of nitrocellulose. %... 

Cellulose Chemistry , London (1947), 245—47 22) B.T. Fedoroff, Rapid Method for the Determination of Nitrogen Content of Nitrocellulose by the Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate Method , PACLR 122871 (1948) 23) J. Pearson... 

Percent Nitrogen Percent Sulfate of Nitrocellulose Samples After 56-hr Acid Boil plus treatment by THF-Benzene Precipitations... 

Comparison of Nitrocellulose vs Polyvinyl Nitrate in Propellant Formulations... 

HI 17—34. Black Powder is no longer used as a proplnt, but it is still used in igniters for SP The next stage in the development of SP, namely the early development of single base smokeless powder, followed the discovery of Nitrocellulose (NC). We quote Urbanski (Ref 46a, p 528) ... 

Shortly afterwards (1885) Vieille s powder was introduced in France under the name of B powder (Poudre B). Vieille utilized two types of nitrocellulose for its manufacture collodion cotton CP2, soluble in a mixture of ether and alcohol and forming the powder dough cotton CPi, insoluble in a mixture of ether and alcohol, incorporated into the powder mass in the form of unchanged fibres... 

Fig 2 Tensile strength of cast double-base powder as function of nitrocellulose content... 

Pyroxylins. A group of Nitrocelluloses with N content ranging from 10% and less to about 12.65%. The lower N members (see also under Collodion Cotton in Vol 3, C394-R) are used... 

The membrane is critically important in osomometry. Selection of a membrane involves reconciliation of high permeability toward the solvent with virtual impermeability to the smallest polymer molecules present in the sample. Membranes of cellulose are most widely used. Commercially Regenerated cellulose film is a common source. The undried gel cellophane film is often preferred, but the dry film may be swollen in water (or in aqueous solutions of caustic or zinc chloride ) to satisfactory porosity. Useful cellulose membranes may also be prepared by denitration of nitrocellulose films/ and special advantages have been claimed for bacterial cellulose films. The water in the swollen membrane in any case may be replaced by a succession of miscible organic solvents ending with the one in which osmotic measurements are to be made. Membranes of varying porosity may be... 

RCF itself is not a good barrier, nor can it be heat-sealed. Barrier and heat-sealing are conferred by coatings of nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene chloride on one or both sides. RCF has poor dimensional stability due to moisture loss or gain. Its principal use is in laminates and over wrapping. 

The first dip given to a fusehead is known as the flashing composition and is of particular importance. Originally copper acetylide was used for this purpose, but it has been superseded by more stable materials. Three common compositions are based on lead picrate, lead mononitroresorcinate and a mixture of charcoal and potassium chlorate respectively. These materials are suspended in a solution of nitrocellulose in amyl acetate and amyl alcohol, known as Zapon. One or more dips, with intermediate drying, give a layer of suitable thickness. 

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