Of lipogenesis

Fatty acids are synthesized by an extramitochondrial system, which is responsible for the complete synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. In the rat, the pathway is well represented in adipose tissue and liver, whereas in humans adipose tissue may not be an important site, and liver has only low activity. In birds, lipogenesis is confined to the liver, where it is particularly important in providing lipids for egg formation. In most mammals, glucose is the primary substrate for lipogenesis, but in ruminants it is acetate, the main fuel molecule produced by the diet. Critical diseases of the pathway have not been reported in humans. However, inhibition of lipogenesis occurs in type 1 (insulin-de-pendent) diabetes mellitus, and variations in its activity may affect the nature and extent of obesity. 

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Is the Most Important Enzyme in the Regulation of Lipogenesis... 

Human adipose tissue may not be an important site of lipogenesis. There is no significant incorporation of glucose or pyruvate into long-chain fatty acids ATP-... 

Analysis of lipid metabolism in adipocytes (insulin stimulation of lipogenesis) using a 60... 

Veech, R.L. (2003) A humble hexose monophosphate pathway metabolite regulates short- and long-term control of lipogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 5578-5580. 

The rate of fructose metabolism is more rapid than that of glucose because the trioses formed from fructose 1 -phosphate bypass phosphofructokinase—the major rate-limiting step in glycolysis (see p. 97). [Note Loading the liver with fructose, for example, by intravenous infusion, can significantly elevate the rate of lipogenesis, caused by the enhanced production of acetyl CoA.]... 

Lewandowski PA, Cameron-Smith D, Jackson CJ, Kultys ER, Collier GR. The role of lipogenesis in the development of obesity and diabetes in Israeli Sand Rats Psammomys obesus). Journal of Nutrition 1998, 128, 1984—1988. 

Increased levels of apolipoproteins and rate-limiting enzymes of lipogenesis and their mRNAs have been demonstrated in the liver of nephrotic rats (V5), although increased liver cholesterol synthesis has not been confirmed in nephrotic patients (D9). Cholesterol synthesis in the liver probably does not change during antipro-teinuric treatment (D9). The rate of synthesis of LDL apoprotein B is variable and depends on the presence or absence of hypertriglyceridemia (V6). 

The formation of triglyceride from fatty acids and glycerol is often called lipogenesis. Another type of lipogenesis is the formation of fatty acids from glucose. To distinguish from the first, this is called de novo lipogenesis or DNL. 

Physiological differences between the effects produced by S. mansonoides and S. erinacei (762) have been observed. The major effect of S. mansonoides appears to be the stimulation of lipogenesis resulting in... 

Williamson, D.H., Munday, M.R., Jones, R.G., Roberts, A.F., Ramsey, A.J. 1983. Short-term dietary regulation of lipogenesis in the lactating mammary gland of the rat. Adv. Enzyme Regul. 21, 135-145. 

Incubation of hepatocytes with glucagon also increases the phosphorylation of another lipogenic enzyme ATP-citrate lyase [127,128], The purified enzyme is also phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro [128,129] resulting in a 2-fold increase in the Km for ATP [130], However, it is unclear what role this plays in the inhibition of lipogenesis. 

Hepatoma cells (2) adipocytes (3) rat liver endosomes (1) Activation of insulin receptor kinase (2) stimulation of lipogenesis (3) inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase 12... 

Role of SREBP-lc in the Repression of Lipogenesis by Dietary PUFAs... 

---