Of cloves

How then would you make eugenol (TM 320), a constituent of oil of cloves ... 

Methyl Amyl Ketone. Methyl amyl ketone [110-43-0] (MAK) (2-heptanone) is a colorless Hquid with a faint fmity (banana) odor. It is found in oil of cloves and cinnamon-bark oil, and is manufactured by the condensation of acetone and butyraldehyde (158). Other preparations are known (159-162). 

Formula (1) would thus indicate the natural dextro-caryophyllene of clove stems formula (2) indicates the highly laevo-rotatory caryophyllene resulting from regeneration by means of pyridine, and (3) may represent the a-caryophyllene of Deussen. 

Semmler and Mayer have isolated a sesquiterpene alcohol, from the high boiling fractions of oil of cloves.. It was probably not obtained in an absolutely pure condition, but had the following characters, which must be regarded as approximate only —... 

This ketone has been isolated from oil of rose, and in traces, from oil of cloves. It has the following constitution —... 

Eugenol, Cj5Hi202, is the characteristic constituent of the oUs of cloves, cinnamon leaf, bay and pimento, and is also found in numerous other essential oils. It is a liquid of powerful clove odour, having the following characters —... 

A very small amount of aceteugenol is present in essential oil of cloves. Its constitution is as follows —... 

Nelke,/. clove pink (the flower). Nelken-gewachse, n.pl. (Boi.) Caryophylla-ceae. -kassie, /. clove cassia, -ol, n. clove oil, oil of cloves, -pfeffer, m. allspice, pimento, -pfefferwasser, n. (Pharm.) pimento water, -rinde, /. clove cassia, -s ure, /. eugenol caryophyllic acid, -stein, m. iolite. -wurzel, /. avens root. -zim(m)t, m. clove cinnamon, clove cassia. 

Furfuryl alcohol Oil of cloves Coronaric acid Chrysanthamum coronarium... 

A 115-mg sample of eugenol, the compound responsible for the odor of cloves, was placed in an evacuated flask with a volume of 500.0 mL at 280.0°C. The pressure that eugenol... 

In a phenol, a hydroxyl group is attached directly to an aromatic ring. The parent compound, phenol itself, Cr,HsOH (4), is a white, crystalline, molecular solid. It was once obtained from the distillation of coal tar, but now it is mainly synthesized from benzene. Many substituted phenols occur naturally, some being responsible for the fragrances of plants. They are often components of essential oils, the oils that can be distilled from flowers and leaves. Thymol (5), for instance, is the active ingredient of oil of thyme, and eugenol (6) provides most of the scent and flavor of oil of cloves. 

The ZOE cement has a long history. Eugenol is the essential constituent of oil of cloves, which has been used medically since the fourth century... 

Molnar, 1942). Its use specifically to relieve toothache was recorded by Vigo in the sixteenth century and reactions with metal oxides were reported by Bonastre (1827a,b). The earliest zinc oxide chelate cements used creosote (King, 1872) and later this was mixed with oil of cloves (Chisholm, 1873). Then oil of cloves was used by itself (Flagg, 1875) and finally its essential constituent, eugenol (Wessler, 1894). 

The ZOE impression paste is essentially a two-paste ZOE cement. One paste is formed by plasticizing the zinc oxide powder with 13 % of mineral or vegetable oil. The other paste consists of 12% eugenol or oil of cloves, 50% polymerized rosin, 20% silica filler, 10% resinous balsam (to improve flow) and 5 % calcium chloride (accelerator). 

Molnar, E. J. (1942). Cloves, oil of cloves and eugenol. Their medico-dental history. Dental Items of Interest, 64, 521-8. 

To add to the cost further, many of these compounds are rather sensitive to temperature and would decompose before vaporizing. For example, oil of cloves (from Eugenia caryophyllata) is rich in the phenol eugenol (V), which has a boiling point of 250 °C). We cannot extract the oils via a conventional distillation apparatus. 

Clove was known to the Chinese as early as 266 B.C.E. The Dutch wished to monopolize the trade of clove in the seventeenth century, and so destroyed all of the trees except those on Ambon and Ternate. However, the tree has since been introduced to many other regions. Indigenous to the to the Molucca Islands, it is also grown on several islands of... 

There are several related phenolic compounds found in the volatile oil of clove. The primary one is eugenol, accounting for 85% of the total (figure 8.14) (Tyler 1994 Robbers et al. 1996). 

Another mechanism that potentially contributes to clove oil s effects is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis through both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways (Tyler 1994). Accordingly, local injections of clove oil supressed joint swelling in arthritic rats (Sharma et al. 1994). 

Council on Scientific Affairs. (1988). Evaluation of the health hazard of clove cigarettes. JAMA. 260(24) 3641-44. 

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