2-octyl sulfonates

Supporting evidence was later obtained from rate-product correlations for solvolyses of 2-propyl and 2-octyl sulfonates in the presence of added azide ion (Nj ). The observed rate-product correlation [47] is consistent with competing SN2 reactions ofthe covalent substrates (Scheme 2.23), rather than the trapping of a cationic intermediate by azide ion (Scheme 2.24). Although the medium effect of the added electrolyte complicates the interpretation of... 

It has been observed that the products from a given substrate and nucleophile are, in some cases, dependent on the solvent and the temperature, although no systematic studies have as yet been reported for carbohydrate sulfonates. This dependence is especially true when substitution and elimination mechanisms are both sterically feasible. Whereas a C-17 p-tolylsulfonyloxy group in the D-ring of a steroid underwent SN2 displacement with tetrabutylammonium chloride in boiling butanone, the same reactants in N-methyl-2-pynrolidinone at 160° gave 67% of the chloro derivative and 30% of the olefin.283 Participation by the inert solvents p-dioxane and acetone in sol-volyses of 2-octyl sulfonates was demonstrated by Weiner and Sneen,265 and this possibility must be considered when such solvents are used. The influence of environmental factors on rate and mechanism has been discussed by Banthorpe.288... 

In the absence of dioxane, the only nucleophile is water (the solvent) which reacts with the optically pure 2-octyl sulfonate through an Sn2 pathway to form optically pure 2-octanol, with inverted stereochemistry. 

However, if dioxane is also present, it can function as a nucleophile and attack 2-octyl sulfonate in an Sn2 reaction, to form an inverted intermediate that can then undergo another Sn2 reaction with water. The product is 2-octanol with an overall retention of stereochemistry, due to two successive Sn2 steps taking place. 

The same research group additionally presented further investigations on fluor-ous-phase palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon couplings [93]. Fluorinated aryl octyl-sulfonates were reacted in slight excess with arylboronic acids under microwave con-... 

C Par.acsal Determination in tablets and suppositories Nucleosil 10C18 300x4 Me0H-H 0(9 16) containing Na octyl-sulfonate 124... 

Ion pairing extends reversed-phase chromatography to the separation of ionic solutes, which are generally unretained by hydrophobic stationary phases. A hydrophobic counterion, such as octyl sulfonate or tetrabutyl ammonium ion, is added to solution and forms a coulombic ion pair with oppositely charged... 

Hoeft [44] also studied the cooperative and competitive adsorption of ionic surfactant mixtures onto hydrophobic surfaces. When shorter alkyl chain surfactants (sodium octyl sulfonate and sodium decyl sulfonate) are adsorbed, the decyl will displace the octyl surfactant. For mixtures of sodium dodecyi sulfonate and sodium octyl sulfonate, however, there appears to be an association between the surfactant molecules leading to enhanced adsorption of the sodium dodecyi sulfonate with no depletion of the octyl sulfonate adsorption. This is shown in Fig, 2, where the lines indicate the expected adsorption determined using a two-component Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the adsorption parameters determined analyzing the data from adsorption of each species individually. Also shown in Fig. 2 is the concentration of surface-active materials in the aqueous phase at equilibrium. In each of these experiments the total molar concentration and amount of surfactant solution added to the latex was a constant, as was the amount of latex. Thus a lower value for the bulk concentration corresponds to greater adsorption. 

FIG. 2 Adsorption of (A) sodium octyl sulfonate and (O) sodium dodecyi sulfonate onto polystyrene latex particles, ( ) bulk surfactant concentration, ——(—) value predicted from Langmuir model. 

In the ion-pair chromatographic technique described in sect. 2.2.1, sodiiun n-octyl-sulfonate (SOS) is combined with an aqueous chelating agent like hiba to allow complete... 

For analytes containing a carboxylic group, positively charged ions such as tetra-butylammonium bromide are used. For analytes with an amino group, counterions such as octyl sulfonate or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can be used. 

Chem. Descrip. Sodium octyl sulfonate Ionic Nature Anionic... 

The compound 2-octyl brosylate was labeled at the sulfone oxygen with 0 and solvolyzed. The unreacted brosylate recovered at various stages of solvolysis had the 0 considerably, though not completely, scrambled ... 

The drug substance has been determined by direct potentiometric titration using chlorpromazine-sensitive electrodes [78. These consisted of an electroactive material in the membrane being either the chlorpromazine complex with either tetraphenylborate or dinonyinaphthalene sulfonate set in a PVC matrix. 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether was used as the plasticizer. 

PDADMA = poly(dialIyldimethylammonium chloride), PSS = poly(styrenesulfonic acid), PAMPS = poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propane sulfonic acid), and PFPVP = 4-vinyl-trideca-fluoro-octyl pyridi-nium iodide-co-4-vinyl pyridine. 

Cesium fluoride has been used to displace halogens, sulfonate groups and nitro groups among others, with fluorine. 1-Bromooctane (1), ethyl bromoacetate (2), benzyl bromide (3) and octyl tosylate (4) have been converted to the respective fluorides 5-7 by treatment with cesium fluoride in the presence of 10% tetraalkylammonium salt (Bu4NBr or Aliquat 336) in the absence of solvent.166... 

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