Octyl-polyoxyethylene

Leukoderma was reported in two women engaged in degreasing metal parts with synthetic detergents containing polyoxyethylene (3-16), nonyl- or octylphenylether. Analysis revealed contamination with free alkylphe-nol, possibly octylphenol, or nonylphenol. Although a relationship between the cases of leukoderma and octyl- and nonylphenol exposure was suggested, it could not be confirmed. ... 

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate (Tween 85) sugar ester (DK-F-110) tetraoxyethylene monodecyl ether (C10E4) polyoxyethylene-p-f-octyl phenol (Triton X-100) pentaethylene glycol dodecyl ether... 

In contrast to the R-preference displayed by CALB, quite impressive S-preference toward several 1-aryl-l-ethanols can be achieved by using a protease, the commercially available subtilisin Carlsberg, as catalyst, and isopropenyl pen-tanoate as the acyl donor in THF in the presence of sodium carbonate [74]. To achieve a successful resolution, the protease has to be treated with a mixture of two surfactants, octyl-P-D-glycopyranoside and Brij 56 [the monocetyl ether of polyoxyethylene (10)], 4/1/1 by weight, at pH 7.2, and then lyophilized before use. 

Polyoxyethylene p-t-octyl phenol the Triton X series of detergents, n = 9-10 for Triton X-100 and 7-8 for Triton X-114. 

Polyoxyethylene (8) dodecanol Polyoxyethylene (2 3) dodecanol Polyoxyethylene (9.5) -t-octyl-phenol Polyoxyethylene (7.5)nonyl-phenyl ether Octylglucoside... 

Figure 2. Relationship between the number of moles of ethylene oxide in octyl- or nonyl-phenol polyoxyethylene glycol ether surfactant molecules and the toxicity index of these surfactants in mixtures with (a) paraquat and (b) dalapon on corn plants.

PROP A polyoxyethylene (5%) cocoa amine in which alkyl bonds link Cs-Cis carbons, which consists of dodecyl (47%), undecyl (18%), decyl (9%), octyl (8%), hexadecyl (10%), and octadecyl (5%) (FCTXAV 8,249,70). 

Many surfactants have been used to formulate microemulsions (1). They were of three types anionic surfactants such as petroleum sulfonates, sodium octyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, alkaline soaps cationic surfactants such as dodecyl ammonium and hexadecyl eimmonium chlorides or bromides and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene glycols. Furthermore, many exhibit liquid-crystalline properties (2) and in some cases the structure of the mesophases has been established (3). Nevertheless, nearly nothing is known about their compatibility with blood and tissues, and, from our own experience, some exhibit a high lytic power for red cells... 

As illustrated by Figure 2.10 (polyoxyethylene octyl phenol surfactants with 2 (E2), 5 (E5) and 9 (E9) oxyethylene units), the one of nonionic surfectants may present a minimum value for a specific temperature. Often the increase of temperature produces a continuous increase of cmc (E2 on Figure 2.10). In all cases, the cmc variations with temperature are on the order of 1% per °C or less. 

As there is a considerable body of data on the binding of anions and cations to proteins [45,46, 57] only non-ionic surfactant-protein interactions will be considered in detail here. Using pure alkyl glucosides rather than the heterogeneous polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, Wasylewski and Kozik [58] studied the binding of octyl and decyl glucosides to BSA and the influence of the octyl, decyl... 

Figure 10.31 The relationship between the number of moles of ethylene oxide in octyl phenyl ( ), nonyl phenyl ( ), or lauryl phenyl ( ) polyoxyethylene glycol ether surfactant molecules and the toxicity index in mixtures with (a) paraquat, (b) dalapon, and (c)amitrole on corn plants. Surfactant concentration 0.005 m. The toxicity index is calculated by expressing fresh weight for each treatment as a percentage of untreated control and subtracting this value from 100. From Smith et al. [269] with permission.

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