Observational status

The most direct probe of quintessence lies in supernovae data. The reason, as we said, is that supernovae data (in the hypothesis that supernovae are 

Blanchard and M. Signore (eds.), Frontiers of Cosmology, 149—174. 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. 

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) was first seen via its effect on the interstellar CN radical (Adams, 1941) but the significance of the this datum was not realized until after 1965 (Thaddeus, 1972 Kaiser and Wright, 1990). In fact, Herzberg, 1950 calculated a 2.3 K excitation temperature for the CN transition and said it had of course only a very restricted meaning. Later work by Roth et al., 1993 obtained a value for T0 = 2.729iJj Jjif i K at the CN 1-0 wavelength of 2.64 mm which is still remarkably accurate. 

001 K (Mather et al., 1999). FIRAS also had a flared horn to reduce 

Shortly after the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) was discovered, the first anisotropy in the CMB was seen the dipole pattern due to the motion of the observer relative to the rest of the Universe (Conklin, 1969). After confirmation by Henry, 1971 and by Corey and Wilkinson, 1976 the fourth discovery of the dipole (Smoot et al., 1977) showed a very definite cosine pattern as expected for a Doppler effect, and placed an upper limit on any further variations in Tcmb Further improvements in the measurement of the dipole anisotropy were made by the Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) experiment on COBE (Bennett et al., 1996 and by the Wilkinson Microwave 

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The ICH Steering Committee responded favorably to a request by USP for observer status, recognizing it as a nongovernment, nonindustry body with official status under U.S. statutes. Now each of the three pharmacopeias can participate in EWG-Q activities and in ICH biennial meetings as independent bodies. 

The main players at ICH are now the European Commission/EMEA, EEPIA, Japanese Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare (MHLW), Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), US FDA and Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA). The WHO, Canadian Health Protection Branch and the European Free Trade Area (BETA) countries enjoy an observer status at ICH meetings. 

Public interest representatives, at least with an observer status, should be appointed to all scientific advisory committees based on merit and expertise in the field of consumer movement and preferably with a technical (scientific) background. 

See Palestine officially granted ICC observer status, RT (9 December 2014) http //rt.com/ news/212663-palestine-icc-observer-status/ (accessed 3 July 2015). 

Within the EU a large number of substances have been investigated for their influence on health. Cobalt metal and its oxide and sulfide have not been classed as carcinogenic even though some experiments with animals may indicate that The International Agency for Research into Cancer (lATC) obtained similar results, but the substances were given an observation status. 

In accordance with Rule 30 of the Rules of Procedure of the Conference, and pursuant to decision RC-l/DEC. 1/Rev. 1, dated 8 May 2003, Angola and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya were accorded observer status. 

Any other State which, in accordance with Article XX of the Convention, may accede to it may apply to the Director-General for observer status, which will be accorded on the decision of the Conference. Such a State shall be entitled to appoint an observer to attend and participate without the right to vote in the plenary meetings of the Conference other than those designated private meetings and to receive documents of the Conference. 

India, the United States and China have observer status at CERN. CERN also collaborates with other centres that carry out particle physics, such as the facility at Brookhaven. 

O, or observer, status, for countries retaining a watching brief on the work... 

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