Oblique lines

This line is both potential and pH dependent, and it represents the zone where an assisted proton transfer reaction occurs. As a matter of fact, an oblique line in the ionic partition diagram always relates to such a mechanism, the slope indicating the number of protons exchanged at the interface. 

Fig. 3.1.4 Anisotropic self-diffusion of water in and filled symbols, respectively). The horizon-MCM-41 as studied by PFG NMR. (a) Depen- tal lines indicate the limiting values for the axial dence of the parallel (filled rectangles) and (full lines) and radial (dotted lines) compo-perpendicular (circles) components of the axi- nents of the mean square displacements for symmetrical self-diffusion tensor on the inverse restricted diffusion in cylindrical rods of length temperature at an observation time of 10 ms. / and diameter d. The oblique lines, which are The dotted lines can be used as a visual guide, plotted for short observation times only, repre-The full line represents the self-diffusion sent the calculated time dependences of the...

Fig. 32 Schematic representation of molecular structure and morphology observed in PS-fo-PB-fc-PS linear and star-block copolymers. Oblique lines between blocks for LN2 and ST2 indicate tapered transition of dissimilar blocks. From [102], Copyright 2003 Wiley...

Fig. 2 Reduction of /-BuBr in DMF. Left electrochemical reduction. Right reduction by anthracene anion radical. O experimental data, oblique lines theoretical predictions.

The way to test this is to provide stable cues for oblique lines, which we did by providing cards which always had a distinctive red oblique line, present in all the cards and always in the same orientation. In some oblique-oblique discriminations (always successive ones) one of the choice obliques was parallel to the stable oblique line and in others neither was. When one of the oblique lines was parallel to the stable feature the children could make the successive discrimination between obliques perfectly well. When neither paralleled this framework feature they were in trouble again. In match-mismatch terms the easy discriminations were between match and mismatch signals and the difficult—usually impossible—ones between two mismatch signals. 

Morse curves for electron ionization. A vertical transition is observed if the interatomic distances have no time to adjust. The opposite is represented by the oblique line. Ionization can also lead to higher energies, including the excited electronic state. 

Results of similar calculations, made on several metal-hydroxide precipitates, are summarized on the graphs of Fig. 1.13. (Erdey, 1963). The shaded area in each graph shows the pH region in which the precipitate is formed the areas left white correspond to circumstances under which the ions are in the dissolved phase. The upper ends of the oblique lines, drawn as boundaries, correspond to solutions containing 10 2 mol 1 metal ions, these are therefore the pH values at which precipitation begins. The lower ends, on the other hand, mark... 

An auxiliary frequency scale is then constructed as the ordinate on the right side of the graph. The values of fj j and f, form a set of corresponding oblique lines representing temperature. 

It should be particularly noted that there are in each horizontal period two alkaline elements, two amphoteric elements and four non-alkaline elements, the first three of the latter giving rise to acids and the fourth being inert. All of the non-metals, incidentally, fall to the right of an oblique line drawn from boron (5) to eka-iodine (85). 

Figure 9.11. Water content at equilibrium depending on the glycerol content for different degrees of relative humidity (%RH). Note the oblique line corresponds to a change in the material s behavior in terms of phase segregation [GOD 06J...

Fig. 9.3 The Brownian motion of a primitive chain (a) with fixed contour length, and (b) with fluctuating contour length. The oblique lines denote the region that has not been reached by either end of the primitive chain. The length of the region

In practical experiments, it is hard to obtain a perfect semi-circle. More often two semi-circles are obtained, meaning an electrochemical system contains more than one RC circuit, corresponding to a more complex electrolytic system. Moreover, when the electrochemical system contains a component which is under diffusion control, an oblique line with a slope of -1/2 appears on Niquist s plot and the equivalent circuit is modified adding a diffusion component, W, known as Warburg impedance (Figure 10.11). 

Fig. 22 holds for some definite pH. If the pH of the isohydric series of mixtures is chosen differently, the system of intersecting C and E curves is so displaced that their intersection always remains on the dotted oblique line through the origin. At higher pH this intersection is displaced downwards towards the left, at lower pH upwards towards the right. For the rest the statements set out above hold just the same for the relative situation of the curves and the conclusion drawn from it. 

Fig. 7.2. Explanation of the stress relaxation after small step strain, (a) Before deformation, the conformation of the tube is in equilibrium, (b) Immediately after the deformation, the whole tube is deformed. The deformed part is indicated by the oblique lines. For small strain, the contour length of die tube is unchanged, (c) At a later time t, the chain is pardy confined in a deformed tube.

Ilg. 7J2. Explanation of the stress relaxation after large step strain, (a) Before deformation the conformatian of the fnimitive chain is in equilibrium (r = —0). (b) Immediately after deformation, the primitive chain is in the afiindy deformed conformation (t = -1-0). (c) After time Tj, the primitive chain contracts along the tube and recovers the eqi brium contour length (t Tj,). (d) After the time Xj, the primitive chain leaves the deformed tube by reptation (t Xa). The oblique lines indicates the deformed part of the tube. Reproduced from ref. 107. 

Schematic representation of hydrophobic binding. Obliquely lined areas are exposed in water and do not contribute to binding, whereas obliquely dotted-lined areas are contributing to binding.

Fig. 2. Postoperative nitrogen balance on total parenteral feeding. Male patient (S.J.) operated on 3rd day of life for 11 Intestinal Atresias. Postoperative Hyperbilirubinemia and anemia. The parenteral feeding program described in Table II was used from the 5th to the 17th postoperative day. Very similar program the first 4 days. From the 18th day on, the experimental Paedamin "Pfrimmer" was used. Conventional balance diagrams with positive balances marked with oblique lines. Narrow columns indicate interruption of infusions lasting more than 2 hours during the 24 h. period.

Figure 24 shows three pictures taken in different SNOM modes. Panel a is the shear force topographic picture, in which the oblique lines display scratch of the surface made with the knife edge of the microtome. Panel b shows an... 

Figure 12-30. Structures of cellulose microfibrils synthesized by distinct TCs. Note cross sectional views of cellulose microfibrils (oblique lines) and particle arrangement of TCs on the fractured face of the plasma membrane. (A) A bundle consisting of 2-nm fine fibrils, which is synthesized by a dinoflagellate TC (a). (B) A thin, ribbon-like microfibril synthesized by each of phaeophycean and eustigmatophycean TCs (b), and rhodophycean (c), xanthophycean (d), and phaeothamniophycean TCs (e). (C) A large microfibril synthesized by each of ulvophycean (f), chlorophycean (g), and glau-cophycean TCs (h). (D) A 3.5-nm microfibril synthesized by a rosette TC (i). (E) A microfibril with a parallelogrammic section synthesized by a tunicate TC (j).

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