O-Nitramines

Sodium hypochlorite potassium hydroxide Benzofurazan oxides from o-nitramines... 

Oxidizers. The characteristics of the oxidizer affect the baUistic and mechanical properties of a composite propellant as well as the processibihty. Oxidizers are selected to provide the best combination of available oxygen, high density, low heat of formation, and maximum gas volume in reaction with binders. Increases in oxidizer content increase the density, the adiabatic flame temperature, and the specific impulse of a propellant up to a maximum. The most commonly used inorganic oxidizer in both composite and nitroceUulose-based rocket propellant is ammonium perchlorate. The primary combustion products of an ammonium perchlorate propellant and a polymeric binder containing C, H, and O are CO2, H2, O2, and HCl. Ammonium nitrate has been used in slow burning propellants, and where a smokeless exhaust is requited. Nitramines such as RDX and HMX have also been used where maximum energy is essential. 

Nitration is defined in this article as the reaction between a nitration agent and an organic compound that results in one or more nitro (—NO2) groups becoming chemically bonded to an atom in this compound. Nitric acid is used as the nitrating agent to represent C-, 0-, and N-nitrations. O-nitrations result in esters. N-nitrations result in nitramines. 

M amines competed effectively with 55.5 M H O and 0.1 M OH for the nitrosating agent and suggested that possibly more reactive isomers of N O and N 0. are generated by the gaseous NO and NO components Here, -nltrosamines result from reaction of the unsymmetrical tautomer (ON-NO ), whereas the symmetrical tautomer (O N-NO ) produces an N-nitramine possibly via a four-center transition state. The results for N O may be xplalned similarly in terms of the corresponding ON-nO.ON-ONO tautomers. This conclusion has a prece-... 

Depending on the amine substrate and the nitrating conditions used, it is not uncommon for an intermediate nitramine to undergo direct rearrangement to the ring-nitrated product without prior isolation, in which case, the formation of the nitramine as an intermediate can only be postulated. Due to the high o-selectivity often observed with this type of reaction the o/p-ratio can be very different to that where the aromatic ring is directly nitrated. 

The nitro substituents are generally classihed according to the nature of the atom to which they are attached carbon, nitrogen or oxygen. - Accordingly, in the previous chapters, the introduction of C-nitro, iV-nitro (nitramine) and O-nitro (nitrate ester) functionality into organic compounds has been discussed. 

Zhitomirskaya, N. G., N.T. Erernko, N.l. Golovina, and L. O. Atovmyan. 1987. Structural and electronic parameters of some cyclic nitramines. Bull. Academy Science USSR, Division Chemical Science 36 525-29. 

Primary nitramines react with diazomethane to yield N-methyl or O-methyl derivatives. 

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