Nystatin biosynthesis

Nucleoside antibiotics biosynthesis, 1, 88-90 Nucleosides oxa analogues, 3, 1085 as pharmaceuticals, 1, 153 protected, 5, 316 Nucleosidin occurrence, 5, 603 Nupharolutine synthesis, 2, 393 Nybomycin applications, 6, 667 Nybomycin, deoxy-applications, 6, 667 Nystatin antifungal agent veterinary use, 1, 211... 

Nedal A, Sletta H, Brautaset T et al (2007) Analysis of the mycosamine biosynthesis and attachment genes in the nystatin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces noursei ATCC11455. Appl Environ Microbiol 73 7400-7407... 

Zotchev SB, Caffrey P (2009) Genetic analysis of nystatin and amphotericin biosynthesis. Methods Enzymol 459 243-258... 

B. (2000). Biosynthesis of the polyene antifungal antibiotic nystatin in Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455 Analysis of the gene cluster and deduction of the biosynthetic pathway. Chem. Biol. 7, 395 03. 

Nystatin Al, initially named fungicidin, is a polyene macrolide with a 38-membered macrolactone ring and was isolated in 1950 from Streptomyces noursei [127, 128], and patented in 1964 [129], The stmcture 146 was assigned to it by Borowski and coworkers in 1971, while the stereochemistry of the molecule was unraveled several years later (Figure 7.46) [130, 131], Nystatin is mainly used for topical treatment of candidiasis [132], and represents a commercial product with a world market estimated to be in the range of US 250-300 million per year. In spite the commercial interest, very limited reports have appeared on biosynthesis of nystatin. 

Continuous culture studies for the production of cellulase have been carried out growing Trichoderma viride on a medium containing commercial D-glucose as the carbon source. Some data on cellulase biosynthesis were examined and correlated in terms of a maturation time model. Specific oxygen uptake rates were correlated with specific production rates. Mutant strains not producing cellulases have been induced and isolated from Trichoderma viride. Enrichment of the mutants was carried out by nystatin selection. 

The gibberellic acid-induced biosynthesis and release of cell-wall degrading e/jrfo-D-xylanase by isolated aleurone layers of barley have been studied. Studies on the D-xylanase system of Streptomyces species have included a study of the action of the enzyme on various o-xylans and D-xylo-oligosaccharides. The isolation and structural identification of arabino-D-xylo-oligosaccharides arising from action of the enzyme on corn cob arabino-D-xylan were reported. Mutant strains of Trichoderma viride not producing D-xylanase have been induced and isolated with the aid of nystatin selection. ... 

When nystatin was added to the growing mycelium in the intensive growing phase, the effect of the antibiotic on the lipid metabolism can better be seen. Sensitivity is followed by the relative decrease of linoleic and stearic acids and the relative increase of palmitic and linolenic acids. These changes and the Increased anrx)unt of the shorter fatty acids suggest that the Inhibition in the fatty acid biosynthesis is responsible for the sensitivity of the nrK)uids to saponin or polyene antibiotics. 

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