Nucleotide variation

Bpgh, H.O., Zhu X.Q., Qian, B.-Z. and Gasser, R.B. (1999) Scanning for nucleotide variations in mitochondrial DNA fragments of Schistosoma japonicum by single-strand conformation polymorphism. Parasitology 118, 73-82. 

Zhu, X.Q., Bqgh, H.O. and Gasser, R.B. (1999b) Dideoxy fingerprinting of low-level nucleotide variation in mitochondrial DNA of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum. Electrophoresis 20, 2830-2833. 

ML Marras, S. A., Kramer, F. R., et al. Multiplex detection of single-nucleotide variations using molecular beacons. Genet. Anal. 14(5—6), 151—156 (1999). 

Kwok PY, Chen X (1998) Detection of single nucleotide variations. Genet Eng (N Y) 20 125-134... 

LaForest S. M., Prestwich G. D. and Lofstedt C. (1999) Intraspecific nucleotide variation at the pheromone binding protein locus in the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum. Insect Mol. Biol. 8, 481-490. 

A major obstacle to specific and sensitive detection of mature miRNAs in animals is their small size ( 19-23 nucleotides). Endlabeled LNA-probes, in which every third position is an LNA residue, have been used in Northern blot analysis to detect miRNAs with high specificity and showing at least 10-fold increased sensitivity compared with DNA probes (26), which is a major achievement in miRNA research. Furthermore, LNA probes with uniform Tm values of 72 °C have been used in high-sensitivity arrays for miRNA expression profiling (27). Such arrays allow discrimination between single nucleotide variations as demonstrated by the specific discovery of related miRNA family members. LNA probes have been used successfully to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of in situ hybridizations to miRNAs in zebrafish (28, 29) and in human brain (30). 

There are at least two SNPs (boxed in Figure 9.5) in the dbSNP track that are present in the 3 -UTR and could have functional significance. Since the coding polymorphisms in CAR are rare (Table 9.3), CAR hepatic expression shows 200-fold interindividual variation the variation in CAR may be due to either sequence variations 5 or 3 to the CAR coding region, or may be due to nucleotide variation in transcription factors regulating CAR. 

Recombinant DNA technology allowed for insight into the regulation of human P450 genes and also for the analysis of single nucleotide variations (SNVs), which could sometimes be associated with altered drag or steroid metabolism... 

The genomes between different humans are 99.9 percent similar. The 0.1 percent difference is due to single DNA nucleotide variations at very specific points within the human genome, making each person different from all others physically, behaviorally, and physiologically. 

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