Nucleotide diphosphate kinase

Chiadmi, M. Morera, S. Lascu, I. Dumas, C. Le Bras, G. Veron, M. Janin, J. Crystal structure of the Awd nucleotide diphosphate kinase from Drosophila. Structure, 1, 283-293 (1993)... 

Scheme 20 Multistep enzymatic preparation of UDP-galactose in the flow-through mode. GalK (galactokinase EC2.7.7.6), GalT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl transferase EC2.7.7.12), GalU (UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase EC2.7.7.9), PPA (inorganic pyrophosphatase EC3.6.1.1), UMK (UMP kinase EC2.7.4.14), NDK (nucleotide diphosphate kinase EC2.7.4.6), PpK (polyphosphate kinase EC2.7.4.1)...

Aspartate carbamyltransferase 2 dihydroorotase 3 orotate reductase 4 orotate phosphoribosyl-transferase 5 orotidine-5 -phosphate decarboxylase 6 cytidylate kinase, nucleotide diphosphate kinase 7 cytidine triphosphate synthetase 8 nucleoside monophosphate kinase, ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, phosphatase 9 thymidylate synthase... 

Once formed, GTP transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP. The rapid interconversion of GTP and ATP is catalyzed by an enzyme called nucleotide diphosphate kinase. 

Draw the mechanism for the reaction catalyzed by nucleotide diphosphate kinase. 

Williams, R.L. Oren, D.A. Munoz-Dorado, J. Inoue, S. Inoue, M. Arnold, E. Crystal structure of Myxococcus xanthus nucleoside diphosphate kinase and its interaction with a nucleotide substrate at 2.0 A resolution. J. Mol. Biol., 234, 1230-1247 (1993)... 

Gonin, P. Xu, Y Milon, L. Dabernat, S. Morr, M. Kumar, R. Lacombe, M.L. Janin, J. Lascu, I. Catalytic mechanism of nucleoside diphosphate kinase investigated using nucleotide analogues, viscosity effects, and X-ray crystallography. Biochemistry, 38, 7265-7272 (1999)... 

Chen, Y Gallois-Montbrun, S. Schneider, B. Veron, M. Morera, S. Deville-Bonne, D. Janin, J. Nucleotide binding to nucleoside diphosphate kinases X-ray structure of human NDPK-A in complex with ADP and comparison to protein kinases. J. Mol. Biol., 332, 915-926 (2003)... 

Prinz, H. Lavie, A. Scheidig, A.J. Spangenberg, O. Konrad, M. Binding of nucleotides to guanylate kinase, p21(ras), and nucleoside-diphosphate kinase studied by nano-electrospray mass spectrometry. J. Biol. Chem., 274, 35337-35342 (1999)... 

ATP is the primary high-energy phosphate compound produced by catabolism, in the processes of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and, in photosynthetic cells, photophosphorylation. Several enzymes then cany phosphoryl groups from ATP to the other nucleotides. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, found in all cells, catalyzes the reaction... 

Most kinases transfer chiral phospho groups with inversion and fail to catalyze partial exchange reactions that would indicate phosphoenzyme intermediates. However, nucleoside diphosphate kinase contains an active site histidine which is phosphorylated to form a phosphoenzyme.869 The enzyme catalyzes phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates other than ADP by a nucleotide triphosphate, usually ATP. 

Kandeel M, Kitade Y (2010) Substrate specificity and nucleotides binding properties of NM23H2/nucleoside diphosphate kinase homolog from Plasmodium falciparum. J Bioenerg Biomembr 42(5) 361-369... 

Thus, uridine-cytidine kinase converts uridine and cytidine to UMP and CMP, respectively thymidine kinase converts thymidine to dTMP and adenosine kinase converts adenosine to AMP. Specific kinases convert monophospho-nucleotides to dinucleotides using ATP as a phosphate donor. The conversion of diphosphonucleotides to triphosphonucleotides is carried out by a nonspecific nucleoside diphosphate kinase. This includes both the ribo- and deoxy-ribonucleotides. Cytosine and its nucleoside and nucleotide transformations are often associated with the metabolism of uracil and its nucleosides and nucleotides. Note that UTP can give rise to CTP (Figure 10.9), and also that, in the presence of cytidine deaminase, cytidine can be converted to uridine. 

The deoxycytidine phosphates result from reduction of CDP to dCDP by a mechanism analogous to that described for the purine nucleotides. Then dCDP is converted to dCTP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase. 

Some biosynthetic reactions are driven by the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates that are analogous to ATP—namely, guanosine triphosphate (GTl ), uridine triphosphate (UTP), and cytidine triphosphate (CTP). The diphosphate forms of these nucleotides are denoted by GDP, UDP, and CDP, and the monophosphate forms are denoted by GMP, UMP, and CMP. Enzymes catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphoryl group from one nucleotide to another. The phosphorylation of nucleoside monophosphates is catalyzed by a family of nucleoside monophosphate kinases, as discussed in Section 9.4. The phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates is catalyzed by 7iucleoside diphosphate kinase, an enzyme with broad... 

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