Nucleolar Size

Hypertrophy of the nucleolus is one of the most distinctive cytological features of cancer cells. Malignant cells usually display a larger nucleolus than do benign cells, 

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The VMN responds more rapidly and extensively to estradiol (E) than ARC. VMN neurons respond to E within 2h cell body and nuclear diameters are increased nucleolar size increases and rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomal RNA increase in the cytoplasm. 

Derenzini M, Sirri V, Trere D, Ochs RL (1995) The quantity of nucleolar proteins nucleolin and protein B23 is related to cell doubling time in human cancer cells. Lab Invest 73 497—502 Derenzini M, Trere D, Pession A, Govoni M, Sirri V, Chieco P (2000) Nucleolar size indicates the rapidity of cell proliferation in cancer tissues. J Pathol 191 181—186 Derenzini M, Trere D, Pession A, Montanaro L, Sirri V, Ochs RL (1998) Nucleolar function and size in cancer cells. Am J Pathol 152 1291-1297... 

Derenzini, M., Trere, D., Pesson, A., Govini, M., Sirri, V., and Chieco, P. 2000. Nucleolar size indicates the rapidity of cell proliferation in cancer tissues. 7. Pathol. 797 181-186. 

Williams, L.M. and Jordan, E.G., Nuclear and nucleolar size changes and nuclear pore frequency in cultured explants of Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.), J. Exp. Bot., 31, 1613-1619, 1980. 

Noncoding RNAs are summarized as transcripts that are not translated (synonym nonprotein-coding RNA). They can be divided into small (small nucleolar RNAs [snoRNAs], Piwi interacting RNAs [piRNAs], etc.) and medium/large size molecules, and thanks to their popularity, miRNAs are often classified as an independent group (review in Costa [39]). Another... 

Two types of relationships between nucleolus and chromosomes have been considered an indirect relationship in which the size and number of nucleoli are assumed to be dependent on the chromosomal stock of the cells, and a direct relationship in which the nucleolus is thought to be derived directly from chromosomal material. Studies on plants seem to have established conclusively that the number and size of nucleoli are characteristic of a species and, therefore, under genetic control. The number of nucleoli was found to be directly related to the number of chromosomes in the heteroploid nuclei of amphibians. Although no such conclusive relationships have been satisfactorily established in mammalian tissue, mammalian chromosomes possibly control nucleolar composition in a more subtle manner than by affecting their number and size. 

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