Nuclei target

This increase in sensitivity by ex situ DNP-NMR has triggered new research avenues, particularly concerning the in vivo monitoring of metabolism and disease by NMR spectroscopy. So far such gains have mainly materialized for experiments that focus on nonprotonated, low-gamma nuclei, targets favored by their relatively long Ti relaxation times, which enable them to withstand the transfer from the... 

Collas, P and Poccia, D. L. (1995). Lipophilic structures of sperm nuclei target membrane vesicle binding and are incorporated into the nuclear envelope. Dev. Biol. 169, 123-135. 

Biju, V, Muraleedharan, D., Nakayama, K, Shinohara, Y., Itoh, T., Baba, Y. and Ishikawa, M. (2007) Quantum dot-insect neuropeptide conjugates for fluorescence imaging, transfection, and nucleus targeting of living cells. Langmuir, 23, 10254-10261. 

Fig. 14 The synthesis of a nuclear targeting complex according to the [2 + 1] principle. The first function for nucleus targeting is acridine orange, the dipicolinic acid may serve for binding the second function. The organometallic complex mediates the coupling of the two biological vectors...

Sponge PLGA and PEI pNGVL plasmid encoding for nucleus-targeting galactosidase [105]... 

P. Dozzo, M.-S. Koo, S. Berger, T. M. Forte, S. B. Kahl. Synthesis, characterization, and plasma lipoprotein association of a nucleus-targeted boronated porphyrin. J. Med Chem., 2005,48, 357-359. 

In this experiment a week of target bombardment was required to produce a single fused nucleus. The team confirmed the existence of element 109 by four independent measurements. The newly formed atom recoiled from the target at predicted velocity and was separated from smaller, faster nuclei by a newly developed velocity filter. The time of flight to the detector and the striking energy were measured and found to match predicted values. 

The analysis of steady-state and transient reactor behavior requires the calculation of reaction rates of neutrons with various materials. If the number density of neutrons at a point is n and their characteristic speed is v, a flux effective area of a nucleus as a cross section O, and a target atom number density N, a macroscopic cross section E = Na can be defined, and the reaction rate per unit volume is R = 0S. This relation may be appHed to the processes of neutron scattering, absorption, and fission in balance equations lea ding to predictions of or to the determination of flux distribution. The consumption of nuclear fuels is governed by time-dependent differential equations analogous to those of Bateman for radioactive decay chains. The rate of change in number of atoms N owing to absorption is as follows ... 

Oestrogen action is mediated through specific receptors localised within the nucleus of target cells (see Carson-Jurnica et and Tsai and O Malley " for... 

The diazo function in compound 4 can be regarded as a latent carbene. Transition metal catalyzed decomposition of a diazo keto ester, such as 4, could conceivably lead to the formation of an electron-deficient carbene (see intermediate 3) which could then insert into the proximal N-H bond. If successful, this attractive transition metal induced ring closure would accomplish the formation of the targeted carbapenem bicyclic nucleus. Support for this idea came from a model study12 in which the Merck group found that rhodi-um(n) acetate is particularly well suited as a catalyst for the carbe-noid-mediated cyclization of a diazo azetidinone closely related to 4. Indeed, when a solution of intermediate 4 in either benzene or toluene is heated to 80 °C in the presence of a catalytic amount of rhodium(n) acetate (substrate catalyst, ca. 1000 1), the processes... 

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