Lipophilicity structures

Vdgtle and his coworkers have reported the synthesis of cryptands containing lipophilic structural elements like o-, m- andp-phenylene, biphenyl and pyridine nuclei. ... 

Most environmental toxins share the properties of being lipid soluble and persistent to metabolism or breakdown, biotic as well as abiotic. Lipophilicity is commonly characterized by the partition coefficient between octanol and water (Kow) and generally the bioavailability or tendency to be absorbed by biotic systems increases with increasing Kow. At very high Kow, however, the uptake might be hindered by the large molecular size or the substance might get stuck in lipophilic structures such as plasma membranes. The ideal value of Kow for absorption is around unity (Walker et al., 2001). 

The carrier molecule should possess electrophilic groups that can compete with the solvent molecules for metal-ion binding. These groups should be inside an otherwise lipophilic structure which easily dissolves in membranes. 

Figure 7.29. Reversible inhibitors of biosynthetic enzymes are usually constructed by incorporating a nitrogen or other coordinating atom into a lipophilic structure with high affinity for the protein active site (see Figure 7.1). An inhibitor of P450 was thus obtained by placing an amino group at the position normally occupied by the first hydroxyl group added to the cholesterol side chain by P450...

Collas, P and Poccia, D. L. (1995). Lipophilic structures of sperm nuclei target membrane vesicle binding and are incorporated into the nuclear envelope. Dev. Biol. 169, 123-135. 

A. Sperm Collection and Storage 13. Membrane Permeabilization C. Isolation of Lipophilic Structures... 

The plasma membrane presents cationic polymers with a substantial barrier to successfully gaining entry to the cell, as it is a dynamic and a relatively lipophilic structure that restricts the admittance of large, hydrophilic or charged molecules. The contribution of certain pathways in the uptake of cationic polymer-mediated gene delivery is not well understood it is generally believed that the uptake of polyplexes predominantly oecurs through endocytosis, although multiple mechanisms for endocytosis have been described to date and the current question is which pathway of endocytosis is responsible for cationic polymer uptake. 

EL-499 is a potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in vitro and exhibits hydrolytic lability under conditions involving either heating with base in solution or incubation in soil. The small differences observed in acute toxicity with isomers (1) and (2) and a wide variety of alpha-branched perfluorinated alkyl substituents reported earlier (8) further indicates that there exists only a generalized lipophilic structural requirement for activity/ ie. alpha-branching. Indeed, if there is an uncoupler binding site, (17/18) it is expected that molecular recognition is associated principally with the aniline ring and its substituents. Under more severe hydrolytic conditions, differentiation of even the alpha-branched perfluorinated carboxanilides is observed, which manifests itself in differential residual corn rootworm control. 

Lipophilic structure enveloping the antigen to preserve the structure required for its immunogenicity. 

Lipophilic structures capable of effective cytosol trafficking. 

LAs interact with acidic and lipophilic structures within the Na+ channels in the membranes of nerves, blocking the normal influx of Na ions into response to stimulus. 

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