Nuclear receptors mammalian

Preitner N, Damiola F, Lopez-Molina L et al 2002 The orphan nuclear receptor REV-ERBalpha controls circadian transcription within the positive limb of the mammalian circadian oscillator. Cell 110 251—260... 

Hepatic peroxisome proliferation depends on a nuclear receptor, PPARa, to mediate these responses in mice, based on lack of response to peroxisome proliferators in PPARa-deficient mice. In one study with another peroxisome proliferator, WY-14,643, carcinogenesis was shown to be dependent on the same receptor. Oral administration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate failed to elicit markers of peroxisome proliferation in PPARa-deficient mice, while the same treatment elicited this response in normal mice. Metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate caused activation of PPARa-mediated gene expression in mammalian cell co-transfection assays. Differences between responsive rodents and humans in various aspects of PPARa-mediated regulation of gene expression are consistent with the lack of activity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites in hepatocyte cultures from 12 people studied to date. 

Mammalian nuclear receptors for steroid hormones (SHRs) are of great importance in physiology and medicine, because they control not only developmental pathways but also regulate central physiological and metabolic functions in the adult organism. Steroid hormones and vitamin D are derivatives of cholesterol. Structures of vitamin D3 and of... 

Mammalian nuclear receptors regulate the expression or activation of target genes from promoter sequences that contain either a palindromic or a direct repeat DNA sequence collectively termed hormone response elements (HREs). Most nnclear receptors bind to HREs as either a homodimer... 

Handschin, C., M. Podvinec and U.A. Meyer. CXR, a chicken xenobiotic-sensing orphan nuclear receptor, is related to both mammalian pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97 10769-10774, 2000. 

The abundance of experimentally determined protein structures should not, however, obscure the fact that for the majority of protein domains, no structural information is available at all. The coverage of the mammalian proteome by experimentally determined structures is still only about 10-15% and varies between the protein families. Structures of only four G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), out of about 900, have been determined by crystallography, and only about one-third of the human kinases and the same fraction of the nuclear receptors. For many of those proteins, models by homology can be built (5), although the... 

Most evident is the association of HDAC activity with transcriptional repressors or corepressors. As an example, the repressive heterodimeric transcription factor Mad-Max forms a complex with the histone deacetylase HDAC I that is part of the mammalian mSin complex. A complex of HDAC I and the nuclear receptor-corepressor (see Chapter 4) bind to unliganded nuclear receptors and are believed to exercise a repressive effect. A further example is the tumor suppressor protein pRb (see Chap-... 

Otte, K., Kranz, H., Kober, I., Thompson, P., Hoefer, M., Haubold, B., Remmel, B., Voss, H., Kaiser, C., Albers, M., et al. (2003) Identification of farnesoid X receptor beta as a novel mammalian nuclear receptor sensing lanosterol. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23, 864-872. 

Akashi, M. and Takumi, T. (2005) The orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha regulates circadian transcription of the mammalian core-clock Bmall. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 12, 441 148. 

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