Nuclear power reactors PHWRs

There are various types of nuclear power reactors, including boiling water reactors (BWR) and pressurized water reactors (PLWR or LWR), which are both light-water reactor (LWR) designs and are cooled and moderated by water. There also are pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR or HWR) designs. 

This appendix provides additional materials (schematics, layouts, T—s diagrams, basic parameters, and photos) on advanced thermal (combined cycle and supercritical pressure Rankine steam turbine cycle) power plants and nuclear power plants with modern nuclear power reactors [pressurized water reactors (PWRs), boiling water reactors (BWRs), pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGRs), gas-cooled reactors (OCRs), light water-cooled graphitemoderated reactors (LGRs) (RBMKs and EGPs), and liquid metal fast-breeder reactors (LMFBRs) (BN-600 and BN-800)]. 

Radioactive waste treatment applications have been reported [3-9] for the laundry wastes from nuclear power plants and mixed laboratory wastes. Another interesting application of reverse osmosis process is in decontamination of boric acid wastes from pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), which allows for the recovery of boric acid, by using the fact that the latter is relatively undissociated and hence wdl pass with water through the membrane while most of the radioactivity is retained [10]. Reverse osmosis was evaluated for treating fuel storage pool water, and for low-level liquid effluents from reprocessing plants. 

India has adopted a prime policy target of self reliance in nuclear power development, based on heavy water moderated reactors. Five units of the 220 MWe PHWR type are under construction and all are expected to be in operation by the year 1997. An additional four units of the same type and an extra four units of a scaled up 500 MWe type are planned. 

The revision takes account of developments in the design of the RCS and associated systems in nuclear power plants since the earlier Safety Guides were published in 1981 and 1986, respectively. The other objectives of the revision are to ensure consistency with Ref. [1], issued in 2000, and to update the technical content. In addition, an appendix on pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) has been included. 

The SCWR concepts are evolutions of the current fleet of nuclear reactors (either LWR or PHWR) combining the nuclear reactor with the balance of plant of the fossil-fired power plant. Once constructed, the SCWRs can be easily adopted into the existing systems of utilities because most utilities operate nuclear and fossd-fired power plants. 

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