Nucleocytoplasmic transport

Lechardeur D, Lukacs GL (2006) Nucleocytoplasmic transport of plasmid DNA a perilous journey from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Hum Gene Ther 17 882-889... 

Wagstaff KM, Jans DA (2007) Nucleocytoplasmic transport of DNA enhancing non-viral gene transfer. Biochem J 406 185-202... 

Among the several ubiquitin-like modifiers, SUMO is highly conserved from yeast to human and has been shown to regulate a variety of cellular functions such as nucleocytoplasmic transport, signal transduction, and transcriptional control... 

Hopper AK (1999) Nucleocytoplasmic transport Inside out regulation. Curr Biol 9 R803-806... 

Splicing and transport of the transcript from the nucleus to the cytosol are tightly coupled. Unspliced pre-mRNA usually does not leave the nucleus, so that only correctly spliced mRNA reaches the cytosol. The hmnan immrmodeficiency virus (HIV) is an example of how manipulation of the nucleocytoplasmic transport can be used to create different mRNAs from one pre-mRNA (Cullen and Mahm, 1991). 

Nigg, E. (1997)Nucleocytoplasmic transport signals, mechanism and regulation. Nature, 386, 779-787. 

Kang, Y. and Cullen, B.R. (1999) The human TAP protein is a nuclear mRNA export factor that contains novel RNA-binding and nucleocytoplasmic transport sequences. Genes Dev., 13,1126-1139. 

Mattaj, J.W. and Englmeier, L. (1998) Nucleocytoplasmic transport the soluble phase. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 67, 265-306. 

Truant R (2003) Nucleocytoplasmic transport of huntingtin and Huntington s disease. Clin Neurosci Res 3 157-164. 

S. pombe crml mutant in which the cysteine residue is replaced with a serine residue is completely insensitive to LMB. The suUhydiyl functionality attacks the a, P-unsaturated S-lactone of LMB, which is followed by the Michael-type addition. It should be noted that S. cerevisiae lacks the corresponding cysteine residue, which accounts for its intrinsic resistance to LMB. Since the molecular recognition between LMB and Crml was proved to be high selectivity, this reagent is an indispensable tool to dissect the nucleocytoplasmic transport system. 

Activities of two other enzymes, protein phosphokinease and phospho-protein phosphohydrolase, have also been identified on the mammalian nuclear envelope.113-115 It has been suggested that the levels of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the nuclear envelope protein by these two enzymes may regulate nucleocytoplasmic RNA translocation.116 Because these nuclear envelope-associated enzymes may play a key role in the regulation of nuclear RNA transport, a study was conducted to investigate whether the administration of tryptophan would influence the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation process in the hepatic nuclear envelopes, which may then modulate nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA. The activ-... 

Baglia and Maul158 indicated that a glycoprotein, identified as lamin B, is a major component of the nuclear envelope and nuclear matrix. This glycoprotein may not only be a structural nuclear protein but also may have NTPase activity, which is essential in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Whether changes in the lamin B of liver nuclear envelopes of rats treated with tryptophan occurs is unclear. 

Khawaja, J. A., Effect of ethanol ingestion on the nucleocytoplasmic transport of hepatic RNA, Toxicol. Lett., 15, 199, 1983. 

Hazan, N. and McCauley, R., Effect of phenobarbitone on the nucleocytoplasmic transport of ribonucleic acid in vitro, Biochemical J., 156, 665, 1976. 

The Ran protein (Ran Ras-related nuclear protein) is an essential component of nucleocytoplasmic transport. There is only one gene for Ran in human cells. During nucleocytoplasmic transport, the Ran protein interacts in a cyclical manner with various import and export receptors, thereby allowing the transport of cargo proteins in and out of the nucleus. An essential feature of the cyclical transport is the asymmetric distribution of the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of Ran between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which in turn is caused by an asymmetric distribution of GEFs and GAPs for Ran. For a detailed review of Ran, the reader is referred to Kuersten et al, (2001). 

Kuersten, S., Ohno, M. and Mattaj, I.W. (2001) Nucleocytoplasmic transport Ran, beta and beyond. Trends Cell Biol., 11,... 

Mattaj, I. W., and L. Englmeier. 1998. Nucleocytoplasmic transport The soluble phase. Anna Rev Biochem 67 265-306. 

Conti, E., and E. Izaurralde. 2001. Nucleocytoplasmic transport enters the atomic age. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13 310-319. 

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