Nozzle, common types

Three common types of nozzle are shown diagrammatically. Types A and K are similar, with sharp cutoffs on the ends of the outer and inner capillaries to maximize shear forces on the liquid issuing from the end of the inner tube. In types K and C, the inner capillary does not extend to the end of the outer tube, and there is a greater production of aerosol per unit time. These concentric-tube nebulizers operate at argon gas flows of about 1 1/min. 

The majority of larger industrial burners, including furnace and boiler applications, are of the forced-draft type. These employ a combustion air fan to provide all the air needed for complete combustion. The burners are usually sealed into the combustion chamber so that there is no access to secondary air from the atmosphere as with natural-draft burners. Forced-draft burners may be of the premix type, where air and gas are mixed prior to the burner, or, more commonly, of the nozzle mix type, where the mixing takes place within the burner. 

Industrial gas burners are mainly of the nozzle mix configuration. Beneath industrial burners, which are used for raising steam and hot water in the power and process industries, lies a large array of types and principles. The most common types are normally characterized as to whether they are aerated or non-aerated. 

Otherwise known as diffusion flame or post-aerated, these normally comprise a simple nozzle supplying gas at a controlled pressure into a chamber where air is made available via entrainment into the flame by natural draft. Common types are the Bray jet, Aeromatic and Drew jet (Figure 24.8). 

Packed-tower efficiency and turndown are strongly dependent on the quality of initial liquid distribution. Uneven distribution may cause local variations in the liquid/gas ratio, localized pinch conditions, and reduced vapor-liquid contact. Figure 14 shows two common liquid distributor types, the ladder type (shown as the top distributor) and the orifice type (shown as the redistributor). The ladder type is a horizontal header of pipes, which are perforated on the underside. The orifice type is a flat perforated plate equipped with round or rectangular risers for gas passage. Other common types of distributors are a header equipped with spray nozzles (spray distributor) and a header of horizontal channels, with V notches cut in the vertical walls of the channels (notched-trough distributor). 

The differential producing flow meter is a device used to create varying static pressure, within a flow stream that can be used to determine the flow rate of the fluid. These devises have been used for over 1000 years [10]. Today, differenfial flow meters are the most common and reliable flow meters used in industry. This section will discuss three common types of differential producing flow meters Orifice meter, Venturi meter, and Nozzle meter. 

Figure 8.3 is a plot of AM versus Ji for steady, one-dimensional, frictionless, adiabatic flow of a perfect gas. It is, in effect, a design guide for a supersonic nozzle If we wish the Mach number to increase linearly with distance in steady, isentropic flow of a perfect gas, then the cross-sectional area-distance relation must be exactly the curve in Fig. 8.3, This is the diagram for a converging-diverging nozzle, a type of nozzle commonly referred to as a de Laval nozzle after its inventor, who used it in the first practical steam turbine [11]-...

Mechanical techniques are the most common type of processes used to produce microspheres. These processes use a mechanical means to produce the desired particles instead of a physical or chemical phenomenon. - The droplets are generated from a polymer extruded through a nozzle, and mechanical means are used to increase the normal dripping process at the orifice of the liquid stream break up when it passes through the nozzle. The droplets will then take a spherical shape during falling due to the surface tension of the liquid and will be solidified either by a physical or... 

Caulking cartridge n. An expendable container made of plastic, fiberboard or metal, filled with caulking compound, for use in a caulking gun. A common type is 2 in. (5 cm) in diameter, approximately 8 in. (20 cm) long, and fitted with a plastic nozzle. 

The nozzle provides the connection between the injection cylinder and the mould tool. Its job is to convey the material with minimal pressure or heat change. There are two common types of nozzle. 

Figure T-69 illustrates some of the most common types of nozzle and blade combinations used in present turbines. Four of the diagrams, a, 6, c, and d, apply...

Introduction There are two types of gas-hqiiid contactors where the liquid is deliberately dispersed. In the most common, a spray nozzle is used to generate droplets. A second t me is the pipehne contactor, where the entrainment generated by flowing gas generates the droplets. 

Because of the minimal internals for solids to grow on, both types of contactors are common in foiihng services. The spray nozzle based devices are also inherently low pressure drop. 

G is a split flow. The fluid comes in and goes both way.s around the longitudinal baffle and then exits. H is very rare a double split flow. J is a divided flow. K is a kettle type reboiler, which is a special type and is best explained by looking at the example AKT in Figure 3-9. Kettle types are common where there is a boiling liquid or where gas is liberated from shell fluid as it is heated. The weir controls the liquid, making sure the tubes are always immersed in liquid. Gas that flashes from the liquid can exit the top nozzle. 

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