Notes on Nomenclature

With the placement of MDMA under legal control in 1985, MDE occasionally appeared in the illicit street trade. It had been called EVE, which carries some perverse logic in light of the nickname used occasionally for MDMA, which was ADAM. The term INTELLECT has been used for it as well, but there has been no apparent reason advanced for this. And a final note on nomenclature. An old literature use of the code MDE was for the compound 3,4-methylenedioxyethanol-amine. See the discussion on this under the recipe for DME. 

Note on nomenclature, l-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations will be abbreviated throughout this Chapter as [C tnim]+, where n is the lenght of the alkyl chain. 

Because of structural uncertainties and confusing nomenclature, much of the early literature is, frankly, of little more than historical interest. However, after 1930, when most authors adopted the present Chemical Abstracts naming (see Note on Nomenclature that follows), a reliable body of literature gradually accumulated on all six systems, albeit at very different rates. For example, data on the 1,8-naphthyridines greatly outnumbered those on the other systems, probably as a result of the discovery of significant antimicrobial properties associated with nalidixic acid as well as the intrinsic suitability of the 1,8-system for metal complexation. 

Here again a note on nomenclature is needed. If compounds of type 25 are considered as substituted phosphoranes, names such as the one given above are appropriate. If, on the other hand, their heterocyclic nature stays in the foreground, the correct names (as used by Chemical Abstracts) are such as 5-phenyl-5,5 -spirobi[5H-dibenzophosphole]. Both naming procedures are consistent with IUPAC rules and are applicable to similar arsenic, antimony- and bismuth-heterocycles as well (see later chapters). 

Includes, when necessary, notes on nomenclature, information about the results of observational studies, comparative studies, and placebo-controlled studies in relation to reports of adverse drug reactions, and a general summary of the major adverse effects. ORGANS AND SYSTEMS Cardiovascular (includes heart and blood vessels) Respiratory Ear, nose, throat... 

Before discussing experiments a note on nomenclature is appropriate. In the literature Volta potentials are often called surface potentials but this term has other meemings as well, so we shall not use it. The usual symbol is AV, but in line with our convention (sec. 3.4.1) the appropriate s3mibol is V , i.e. it is the Volta potential of the monolayer minus the same for the blemk at the other side of the barrier. The latter is not zero and depends on the orientation of water molecules at the interface, and in the presence of electrolytes, a double layer may form, giving rise to a non-zero y/°- In sec. II, we discussed the relevant measurement and gave results for various electrolytes. In sec. II.3.9 we concluded that for pure water, according to the best experiments presently available, >0 (the -potential is the potential of water with respect to water vapour caused by the spontaneous polarization of the Interface). This means that the water dipoles at the surface are preferentially oriented with their negative sides "out". The value of x is not... 

Just before we go any further we need a quick note on nomenclature. We see below a lithium enolate 29 and a titanium enolate 30 of an ester. By definition, the lithium enolate 29 contains a Z double bond (lithium is lighter than carbon) whereas the titanium enolate 30 contains an E double bond (titanium is heavier than carbon). But to call one E and the other Zis plainly crazy. The important thing, as far as we are concerned, is that the substituent R is trans to the reactive oxygen. In order to avoid confusion we shall refer to both of these as trans enolates regardless of the metal 31. This is not universally done (some chemists will be outraged by such simplicity) but is what we shall be doing in this book. 

A note on nomenclature The addition of the letter a to the end of an element name implies that one is referring to the oxide of that element. For example, while silicon refers to the element, silica is Si02 or the oxide of silicon. Similarly, alumina is the oxide of aluminum or AliO magnesium magnesia etc. 

See Contact angles and interfacial tension for the definitions and a note on nomenclature of the surface energy terms. It is important to realize that Eqn. 2 depends only on the definitions, and so is universally valid. 

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