Dipoles water

Fig. 6.74. The dielectric constant as a function of the distance from the electrode and the ordering of the dipole water molecules.

Water, H2O, has two equal H—O bond dipoles. Water has a bent geometry and the vector sum of the bond dipoles does not cancel. The water molecule has a permanent net dipole moment. 

In lower salinity solvents, particularly in distilled water, the electrostatic field in the immediate vicinity of the ionic groups on the polymer chains is only partially neutralized. A strong electrostatic repulsion exists not only between the ionic groups inside an individual molecule, but between the different polymer polyions. This strong electrostatic repulsion works against the buildup of a polymolecular layer. Also, because of the large number of electrostatically held dipole water molecules, a molecule in an outer adsorption zone would be easier dragged away. 

Microwave radiation consists of electric and magnetic components like other electromagnetic radiations. To describe and analyze interaction of electromagnetic radiation with microcapsules water suspension is a difficult task. These suspensions consist of a great number of charged polymer molecules and dipole water ones thus the electric field acts on dipole moments of molecules. It was established that irradiation of... 

Like all dipoles, water molecules become orientated in an electric field such as exists in the neighbourhood of molecules of other polar substances. When these are dissolved in water each of their molecules is surrounded by a little cloud of orientated water molecules, which stabilizes the solution by the so-called solvation effect. For this reason water is a good solvent for most polar substances. 

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