Noscapine hydrochloride

There is of course no bathochromic shift here in alkaline solutions (difference between morphine hydrochloride [111] and codeine phosphate [801]). In many compounds the relatively weak phenol ether band is considerably overshadowed and barely discernible (mepyramine maleate [306], noscapine hydrochloride [805], papaverine hydrochloride [2408]). 

A number of medicines derived from opium are clinically very important. Morphine hydrochloride, purified from opium powder, is used as an analgesic and an anesthetic, and codeine phosphate and noscapine hydrochloride are used in cough medicines. Papaverine hydrochloride is used as a smooth muscle relaxant. 

Worked Example See Fig. 20.4 sub a. A control laboratory for pharmacy preparations knows by experience that the standard deviation of the determinatiOTi of noscapine hydrochloride in an oral solution by means of U.V.-measurement equals 0.8 %. 

Worked Example See Fig. 20.4 sub b. The determination of noscapine hydrochloride in the oral solution, see previous example, will be quadruplicated. The mean of the four observations is 96.8 %. 

Fig. 2Q3 OC-curves for two sample sizes (n = 3 resp. n = 7) of the spectrophotometric determination of noscapine hydrochloride with o = 0.8 % and fixed limiting quality levels of LQL = 86 % and p = 5 %, and AQL = 95 % with a = 10 %. The OC-curve for sample size n = 7 complies with the predefined conditions...

Worked Example. A regional supplier of pharmacy preparations routinely prepares an oral solution of noscapine hydrochloride. The label claim is 100 % and the standard deviation of the spectrophotometric determination for the release decision, o = 0.8 %, is known from historic data. The limiting quality levels for this product have been fixed at LQL = 86 % with a consumer s risk, a, of about 5 %, and the AQL is set to 95 % with a producer s risk, p, of about 10 %. 

Figure 20.5 shows OC-curves for two sample sizes (n = 3 resp. n = 7) of the spectrophotometric determination of noscapine hydrochloride. 

Opium alkaloids such as codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine exhibit high solubility (0.09-0.9 mg/g) in supercritical fluids including CO N,0, CHF, [37]. However, in spite of their high solubilities, they were not extracted from plant material by pure CO, to the degree expected [29], possibly because these alkaloids exist as their salt forms in plant tissue. In this chapter, the examples that show the difference of the solubilities between alkaloidal free bases and salts are presented. For this comparison, the solubilities of the free bases of hyoscyamine (1), scopolamine (2), pseudoephedrine (6) were measured and compared with those of their hydrochloride salts (Figures 3 and 4). 

Papaveretnm. Concentrated opium Omnopon Pantopon. A mixture of the hydrochlorides of the opium alkaloids in their approximate natural proportions. Contains approx 50% morphine, 3% oodeine, 20% noscapine, and S% papaverine. Exhibits biological action of morphine and other alkaloids present in opium. Clinical evaluation in intravenous analgesia I. A. Catling et aL, Brit. Med. J. 281, 478 (1980). 

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