North Pacific Area

Tsunogai, S., Shinagawa, T. and Kurata, T. (1985) Deposition of anthropogenic sulfate and Pb-210 in the western North Pacific area. Geochem. J., 19, 77-90. 

Radionuclide Eastern North Pacific Coastal Areas Upwelling Areas... 

The model provided in Figure 20.1 is for an ocean basin whose abyssal plains all lie below the CCD. This most closely resembles the conditions in the North Pacific, whereas the rest of the ocean basins have a significant portion of their abyssal plains lying above the CCD, and, hence, contain some calcareous oozes. From a global perspective, calcareous oozes are more abundant than siliceous oozes. This is caused by two phenomena (1) all seawater is undersaturated with respect to opal, whereas all surface waters and 20% of the deep waters are saturated with respect to calcite, and (2) siliceous plankton are dominant only in upwelling areas. 

High nutrient low chlorophyll regions Include the Southern Ocean, equatorial and subarctic North Pacific, and some strong upwelling areas such as off Peru and California. 

Both coastal areas and open oceans are found in the immense Indo-Pacific and Atlantic zones. Moving eastward, the Indo-Pacific comprises a sector from southern Japan to Natal, up to the Tuamotu and Hawaii archipelagos. The North Pacific and South Pacific are further subdivisions of the Pacific Ocean. Further zonation defines the North Atlantic (including the coastal areas fromNorth Carolina to southern Greenland in tte west, and a sector from off the coasts of Senegal to Novaya... 

One may wonder whether the many metabolites known from the North Pacific connote a particular richness of this area or it was the commitment of Japanese chemists that left nothing hidden. On the other hand, this is a question that always arises when the natural product diversity is evaluated at local-geographic level. 

The most comprehensive data set reported to date is that for the North Pacific (54). A total of 1090 samples were analyzed for DMS over four years. The area-weighted mean DMS concentrations were determined to be 1.3 and 2.2 nmol L 1 for the winter and summer, respectively. 

Under the appropriate conditions, a sweet sap can be collected from most maple (Acer) species. In general, however, only the sap of sugar, black, and red maple is commonly used to make maple syrup. Where maple trees are found in abundance and weather conditions are appropriate, commercial maple production can occur. This ranges from Nova Scotia to Minnesota from east to west, and from southern Ontario and Quebec in the north to areas of West Virginia in the south (Heiligmann et ah, 2006). Boxelder is sometimes tapped in areas of Manitoba and the Pacific northwest. 

Altogether, a comprehensive assessment of the necessary time - taking into account the foreseeable cash flow earmarked to the programme - to attain a stabilized situation is necessary. It may well justify the creation of dedicated intermediate storage facilities for spent fuel (for instance one in the North-West area and one in the Pacific area). 

Shinano, H. (1962). Studies on yeasts isolated from various areas in the north Pacific. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 28, 1113-22. 

Figure 3.IB shows a vertical profile of the concentration of DON and HMWDON in the eastern North Pacific and Central Pacific, respectively. As is clear from this figure ultrafiltration only isolates a fraction (<30%) of total DON. In the case of HMWDOM isolated from estuarine, coastal and open ocean areas the C N ratio ranges from 11 to 25. These ratios are lower than those of DOM extracted onto chromatographic supports as discussed above. HMWDOM from marine sites are on the low end of this range with average ratios ( lct) of 16.0 ( 1.8 n = 41) for surface waters, 16.6 ( 3 n = 9) for mesopelagic waters (750—1200 m) and...

Figure 6.Z( Dissolved oxygen versus nitrite concentration for the waters of the ODZ (<20 tM O2) the eastern tropical North Pacific (upper, redrawn from Cline and Richards, 1972), the Arabian Sea (center, redrawn after Morrison et ai, 1999), and Saanich Inlet (lower, redrawn from Devol, 1975). Note, axes are different on each plot. Vertical lines denote possible denitrification thresholds for each area.

Figure 6.5 Dissolved oxygen on the 26.5 sigma theta surface. Note the three main pelagic water column ODZs, the eastern tropical North Pacific, the eastern tropical South Pacific and the Arabian Sea. Althouth oxygen levels are very low in the Bay of Bengal, this area does not appear to be a location of water column denitrification (Rao et al., 1994).

Figure 6.15 Profiles of del N of N2 and NO3 through the oxygen deficient water of the eastern tropical North Pacific (left) and Arahian Sea (right). The shaded area represents the oxygen deficient zone. Redrawn from Brandes eta/., 1998.

Figure 16.4 Map of the North Padfic Ocean basin showing several important features of the trades biome. (A) Dynamic topography of the sea surface in dyn-cm relative to 1000 dbar based on historical hydrographic observations. Arrows show the direction of geostrophic flow. From Wyrtki (1975). (B) Sea surface distributions of chlorophyll (mg m for the Pacific Ocean in 2003 from 15°S to 65°N latitude as derived from the AQUA MODIS satellite-based sensor system (4 km resolution). Superimposed on ocean color, in white contour lines, is the mean annual surface nitrate concentration (mmol NO m ) based on the World Ocean Atlas (2001) Ocean Climate Laboratory/NODC. Areas of high NOs (and presumably NOs flux) correspond to areas that are enriched in chlorophyll as a result of net plant growth. The North Pacific trades biome is the central region of low standing stocks of plants (<0.1 mg m blue-purple areas) and low ambient NOT concentrations (<1 mmol m ).

Figure 16.5 A conceptualized view of the new versus regenerated N model based on the classic work of Dugdale and Goering (1967). Shown are two contrasting marine ecosystems (Left) an upwelling habitat where allochthonous NO3 -supported new production dominates total primary productivity, and (Right) an open ocean habitat where locally produced NH4+-supported regenerated production dominates total primary productivity. New production-intensive biomes also support much greater export per unit area, usually in the form of sinking particulate matter, than remineralization-intensive systems like the North Pacific trades biome.

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