North, global

Soil order Suborder Africa Asia Australia Europe South Central North Global... 

Globally, BASF, Bayer (Miles in North America), Dow, and ICI historically have been the leading producers of aromatic isocyanates. In North America, Olin is a principal suppHer of TDI and aUphatic isocyanates. Rhc ne-Poulenc and Hoechst are principal suppHers in Europe. A listing of all the principal global suppHers and their respective products and trade names is presented in Tables 5 and 6. A breakdown of isocyanate demand by region is presented in Table 7. 

PS is a global product, of which North America, Western Europe, and Southeast Asia are the principal consumers (Fig. 33). Global PS production capacity generally parallels the demand for the material (Fig. 34). However, the trend siace early 1980s has been toward narrowiag the gap between capacity and demand ia an effort to maximize the profitabiUty of the busiaess. 

Fig. 2-4. Average CO2 concentration North Atlantic Region O, Pacific Region A. (The dashed line is the nineteenth-century base value 290 ppm.) Source Combination of data from Callender, G. C., Tellus, 10, 243 (1958), and Council on Environmental Quality, "Global Energy Futures and the Carbon Ehoxide Problem." Superintendent of Documents, Lf.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1981. (See also Fig. 11-1.)...

Although the demand for transportation motor fuels in North America is projected to be limited, economic growth in other parts of the world will require crude oil-based fuels. The Far East, Latin America, and the former Soviet Union are areas where there will be substantial demand for transportation fuels. The collapse of communism, the privatization of state-owned oil companies, and the global awareness of environmentally clean fuels will cause this growth. 

Hewin International Report, The Technology and Markets for Anionic Surfactants—North America, Western Europe and Japan in the Global Perspective 1991 to 1995, and Scenario 2000. 

The network is implemented by the participating countries through WHO. Sulfur Dioxide (SO,) and suspended particulate matter (SPN) data are routinely reported from each of the participating countries to WHO for entry into the global data base, which is maintained by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Methods of collection and analysis varies by country. SPN is reported either as a gravimetric or a photometric (transmittance or reflectance) measurement converted to mass units. Since the accuracy of the conversion of the photometric measurement to mass units is... 

One of the most significant Indices of air pollution potential Is provided by statistics on motor vehicle use. On a global scale the number of vehicles continues to rise although the rate of growth has slowed In North America and Europe as a whole, where vehicle densities are the highest In the world. Since 1979, the most rapid growth has occurred In Asia and South America where vehicle ownership has more than doubled (11). In the developing countries, as well as many others, these vehicles are not equipped with emission control devices. 

Since man-made emissions of CO are dominated by releases from motor vehicles. It Is considered that global emissions have risen along with the rapid growth In vehicle numbers since the 1940s. In the US for example, the number of motor vehicles Increased by a factor of 4 between 1940 and 1970 while the CO emissions rose from 73 to more than 100 million tons per year over the same period (24). Since about the m1d-70s, control strategies have been Initiated which have resulted In reductions In CO emissions. The outcome of these controls has been a gradual decrease of CO emissions In North America and some Western European countries despite Increases In traffic density. For example In the USA, emissions have declined by approximately 1.5% per year since 1975, which by 1984 represented an overall decrease of more than 11 million tons. 

Most vegetation maps are derived from a variety of sources using different methods and made at different times. This can lead to an overlap between adjacent areas of interest, the exclusion of some areas, and the improper extrapolation of carbon densities, thus resulting in inaccurate estimates of reservoir size. We found that the biomass density of the southern North American boreal forest was over 2.5 times larger than the biomass density of the northern part of the boreal forest (55). Past estimates of boreal forest biomass density extrapolated southern biomass density values to the entire boreal forest, which in part accounts for the large overestimation (7). It is important that a consistent method be developed to map vegetation globally. 

Fig. 11-16 Partial pressure of CO2 in surface ocean water along the GEOSECS tracks (a) the Atlantic western basin data obtained between August 1972 and January 1973 (b) the central Pacific data along the 180° meridian from October 1973 to February 1974. The dashed line shows atmospheric CO2 for comparison. The equatorial areas of both oceans release CO2 to the atmosphere, whereas the northern North Atlantic is a strong sink for CO2. (Modified with permission from W. S. Broecker et al. (1979). Fate of fossil fuel carbon dioxide and the global carbon budget, Science 206,409 18, AAAS.)...

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