Normal Propyl Alcohol

You may wonder why boch these processes produce isopropyl alcohol instead of (normal) propyl alcohoL With the exception of ethylene, direct or indirect hydration of an aliphatic olefin always produces an alcohol with the hydroxyl group preferentially attached to the double-bonded carbon with the least number of hydrogen atoms. 

Synonyms. Normal Propyl Alcohol Primary Propyl Alcohol Propyl Alcohol. 

Primary Alcohols Yield Aldehydes.—Now methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol which yield the two aldehydes that have been studied are both of them primary alcohols, and it has been found to be true that only primary alcohols yield aldehydes on oxidation. Normal propyl alcohol, propanol-1, and other primary alcohols thus yield aldehydes. 

Secondary Alcohols Yield Ketones.—The isomeric propyl alcohol, viz., the secondary alcohol propanol-2, on oxidation yields a compound the composition of which is CaHeO, but which is not an aldehyde. It is known as a ketone specifically as acetone, and is isomeric with propanal the aldehyde obtained from normal propyl alcohol. 

Normal propyl alcohol is readily dehydrogenated to the corresponding aldehyde at temperatures of 230° to 300° C. in the presence of copper catalysts. At temperatures of 400° C. as much as 25 per cent may be destroyed, however, by decomposition to carbon monoxide and ethane. In the presence of nickel 75 per cent of the aldehyde may be decomposed at a temperature as low as 260° C. Although the alcohol is dehydrogenated very readily over platinum at 280°, the aldehyde is completely destroyed at 300° C ... 

Fused sodium bisulfate is an effective catalyst for the dehydration of the aliphatic alcohols.88 Normal propyl alcohol is dehydrated at 125° to... 

Propionic acid—C,H,CO,OH —74—is formed in many decompositions of organic substances By the action of caustic potassa ui>ou sugar, starch, gum. and ethyl cyanide during fermentation, vinous or acetic in the distillation of wood during the putrefaction of peas, beans, etc. by the axidation of normal propylic alcohol, etc. It is best prepared by heating elliyl cyanide with potash until the odor of the ether has disappeared the acid is then liberated from its potassium compound by H.SO, and purified. 

Solubility of Iodine in Aqueous Ethyl and Normal Propyl Alcohol Solutions at 15°. 

Solubility of Iodine in Mixtures of Chloroform and Ethyl Alcohol, Chloroform and Normal Propyl Alcohol, Chloroform AND Benzene, and Chloroform and Carbon Bisulphide at 15 . 

Nonylphenoxy)-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecan-1-ol, dihydrogen phosphate. See Nonoxynol-6 phosphate 14-(Nonylphenoxy)-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-ol. See Nonoxynol-5 Nonylphenyl phosphite (3 1). SeeTris (nonylphenyl) phosphite Nonyl phenyl polyethylene glycol Nonyl phenyl polyethylene glycol ether. SeeNonoxynol Nordhausen acid. See Sulfuric acid Normal hexane. See Hexane Normal lead acetate. See Lead acetate Normal propyl alcohol. See Propyl alcohol... 

Synonyms Albacol Alcohol C3 Ethyl carbinol 1-Hydroxypropane Normal propyl alcohol Optal 1-Propanol Propanol-1 Propan-1-ol n-Pro-panol 1-Propyl alcohol n-Propyl alcohol Propylic alcohol... 

Normal Butyl Alcohol (50% v)— Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol (50% v) Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (30% v)— Anhydrous Ethyl Alcohol (70% v) Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (30% v)— Anhydrous Isopropyl Alcohol (70% v) Normal Propyl Alcohol Secondary Butyl Alcohol Normal Butyl Alcohol Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (60% v)— Anhydrous Isopropyl Alcohol (40% v) Secondary Amyl Alcohol Amyl Alcohol (mixed isomers)... 

Normal Propyl Alcohol) Physical Properties Autoignllion Temperature, C 371. t... 

The vapour pressures of many pairs of infinitely miscible liquids have been determined by several experimenters and, as with the changes of volume and of temperature on mixing the liquids, so with the vapour pressures of the mixtures, very different results are obtained in different cases. There can be no doubt that the behaviour of mixtures, as regards vapour pressure, depends on the relative attraction of the like and the unlike molecules. When the mutual attraction of the unhke molecules is not much more than sufficient to cause infinite miscibility—for example, with normal propyl alcohol and water—the vapour pressure, like that of a partially miscible pair of liquids, may bo greater than that of either component at the same temperature. On the other hand, when that attraction is relatively very great (formic acid and water) the vapour pressure of the mixture may be less than that of either component. It seems reasonable to suppose that, when the attractions of the like and unlike molecules are equal or nearly so, the relation between vapour pressure and composition should be a simple one, and tbe question what is the normal behaviour of mixtures has been discussed by several investigators. 

I. Normal <propyl alcohol and vxiter, with the latter in excess. 

When a mixture which distils without change of composition is formed, and its boiling point is far below that of the more volatile component, as in the case of normal propyl alcohol and water, or of methyl alcohol and benzene, or far above that of the less volatile component as with nitric acid and water, it is usually possible to separate in a pure state both the mixture of constant boiling point and that component which is in excess. But, if the boiling point of the mixture is very near that of one of the two components, as in the case of ethyl alcohol and water (Fig. 71), or of normal hexane and benzene, it is practically impossible to separate that component in a pure state, and it may be impossible to separate the mixture of constant boiling point even when the component which boils at a widely different... 

Isomer (chemistry) A variation of atomic arrangement (and properties) in molecules having the same atomic composition. Example Normal propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol CsHgO. 

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