Nonwoven mats

Fleece-Back Sheet. A fleece-back sheet is a nonreinforced polymeric membrane that has had a nonwoven mat made of polyester, weighing 101.7—203.4 g/m, laminated to the back of the sheet. The prime use of the fleece-back sheet is in the fully adhered roofing systems. The fleece provides the chemical separator, which eliminates the need for an adhesive that is compatible with the specific membrane or a compatible substrate. 

Mixed waste paper can also be utilized for uses other than paper. The uses include (1) molding of paper fibers mixed with PE or polypropylene to form door panels, trunk liners, and plastic lumber (2) nonwoven mats of up to 90% paper fibers held together by synthetic fibers and (3) composites of wood, paper fiber, and gypsum. 

Accordingly, major hurdles will need to be overcome to achieve required performance including overcoming inherent weaknesses of natural silk such as super-contraction and fabrication consistency (Hakimi et al., 2007). To date, film, sponge-like silk, and nonwoven mat materials can artificially be made from silk solution, as mentioned in previous section (Vepari and Kaplan, 2007). 

Lee KH et al (2003) Characterization of nano-structured poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nonwoven mats via electrospinning. Polymer 44(4) 1287-1294... 

Ding B et al (2004) Fabrication of blend biodegradable nanofibrous nonwoven mats via multi-jet electrospinning. Polymer 45(6) 1895-1902... 

Ayutsede J et al (2005) Regeneration of Bombyx mori silk by electrospiiming. Part 3 characterization of electrospun nonwoven mat. Polymer 46(5) 1625-1634 Kwon IK, Matsuda T (2005) Co-electrospun nanofiber fabrics of poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) with type I collagen or heparin. Biomacromolecules 6(4) 2096-2105... 

Other advantage of ACFs is the possibility to prepare woven clothes and nonwoven mats, which developed new applications in small purification systems for water treatment and also as a deodorant in refrigerators in houses, recently reported. In order to give the fibers an antibacterial function and to increase their deodorant fimetion, some trials on supporting minute particles of different metals, such as Ag, Cu and Mn, were performed. Table 5. 2 presented comparison between properties of activated carbon fibers and granular activated carbons [13-46]. 

Figure 4.2 Schematic illustration of the conventional set-up for electrospinning. The insets show a drawing of the electrified Taylor cone, bending instability, and a typical SEM Image of the nonwoven mat of PET nanofibers deposited on the collector. The bending Instability Is a transversal vibration of the electrospinning jet. It is enhanced by electrostatic repulsion and suppressed by surface tension...

A nonwoven mat of smooth flexible aluminum coated oriented glass fibers, Metafil, has been developed by Tracor Aerospace and BGF Industries, USA, for electrically or thermally conductive applications, such as parabolic dish antennae. It is compatible with most resin systems and processing is said to be similar to uncoated glass mat, but cost is lower than other conductive materials. 

Prepregs are used to mold different products. Different forms of reinforcements are used (nonwoven mat, woven fabric, braided, preform, roving, etc.). The TS catalyzed compounded resin is impregnated into the continuous reinforcement and partially cured to a tack-free state in the B-stage (Chapter 3). The impregnated liquid resin provides for precise placement of reinforcement. 

The workhorse of the RTS industry is TS polyester (also called polyester-TS) with glass fiber. The fiber reinforcement may be in the form of chopped fibers, porous nonwoven mats, woven fabrics, or continuous fibers. The combination of plastics and reinforcements results in versatile materials with unusual characteristics. The reinforcement adds strength and toughness to inherent weather resistance, moldability, and colorability. Thus RTSs are used because of their increased tensile, flexural, torsional, and impact strengths increased modulus of elasticity increased creep resistance reduced coefficient of thermal expansion increased thermal conductivity and, in many cases, lower costs. 

Electro-spinning/electrospraying is another attractive method for preparing nonwoven mats, especially those composed of nanofibers. The electrospinning/electrospraying... 

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