Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug edema

The anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf EO of the Lauraceae Lauras nobilis Linn, (sweet bay) in mice and rats was investigated by Sayyah et al. (2003). A dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect could be observed in the formalin-induced edema test, which could be compared with the effect of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as piroxicam. 

Tramadol is generally considered to be a safe drug with a low risk (put at less than 0.1 % in one report) of adverse reactions. Eleven cases of angioedema, possibly related to tramadol, were reported in Sweden and in 5 of 28 patients (18 %) with chronic urticaria exacerbated by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol-induced urticaria with one of the patients developing laryngeal edema. Hypersensitivity... 

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NS AIDs) are widely used for the treatment of minor pain and for the management of edema and tissue damage resulting from inflammatory joint disease (arthritis). A number of these drugs possess antipyretic property in addition to having analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions, and thus have utility in the treatment of fever. 

Cryotherapy Cold/ice packs Ice massage Cold bath Vapocoolant sprays Decreased pain, edema, and inflammation Muscle relaxation and decreased spasticity Anti-inflammatory steroids (glucocorticoids) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (aspirin and similar NSAIDs) Skeletal muscle relaxants Peripheral vasodilators may exacerbate acute local edema Nonselective cholinergic agonists may stimulate the neuromuscular junction Some forms of cryotherapy may produce local vasoconstriction that temporarily impedes diffusion of drugs to the site of inflammation... 

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications may occasionally induce pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema have also been described. 

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