Nonlinear optical methods

Richmond, G. L., Investigations of electrochemical interfaces by nonlinear optical methods, in Electrochemical Interfaces, H. D. Abruna, Ed., VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1991, p. 265. 

Akhmanov, S. A., and Koroteev, N. I. 1981. Nonlinear optical methods in light scattering Active spectroscopy of light scattering. Moscow Nanka. 

In situ Nonlinear Optical Methods and Second Harmonic Generation [xi]... 

CPs. This does not mean that there are no such states. Other spectroscopic methods have therefore been applied to this problem photoinduced absorption and nonlinear optical methods, which we consider next. 

Fortunately, the success of surface science, optical and x-ray techniques in the last few decades has provided access for electrochemists to structural information of electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The optical and X-ray spectroscopic techniques have mainly been used in situ, i.e., in the presence of the bulk electrolyte. These techniques include EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure), SXS (surface x-ray scattering), XSff (x-ray standing wave technique, SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering), NOM (nonlinear optical methods) IRS (infrared spectroscopy), MS (Mossbauer spectroscopy), RLS (radioactive labelling spectroscopy), STM (scanning tunneling microscopy), and... 

Korenowski GM, Frysinger GS, and Asher WE (1993) Noninvasive probing of the ocean surface using laser-based nonlinear optical methods. Photogrammatic Engineering and Remote Sensing, 59 363-369. 

In this tutorial on the basic ideas and modern methods of computational chemistry used for the prediction of nonlinear optical properties, the focus is on the most common computational techniques applicable to molecules. The chapter is not meant to be an exhaustive review of nonlinear optical theories, nor is it a compendium of results. Although much is omitted from this chapter, there exist several earlier reviews on the general subject of nonlinear optics that help form a broad foundation for this work. " The material in this chapter will, hopefully, be of value to readers who are interested in learning enough about computational nonlinear optical methods to discern the differences between high and low quality results and limitations of modern methodologies, and to readers who would like to join the effort to improve the calculations. 

Richmond GL (1991) Investigations of Electrochemical interfaces by nonlinear optical methods. In Abruna HD (ed) Electrochemical interfaces. VCH, Weinheim, p 267... 

O.A. Aktsipetrov, N.N. Akhmediev, I.M. Baranova, E.D. Mishina, and V.R. Novak, Multilayer Langmuir films for optoelectronics nonlinear-optics method for studying them, Sov. Tech. Phvs. Lett. 11 249 (1985). 

Meisner L (1994) Nonlinear characteristics of minerals. In Marfunin A (ed) Composition, structure and properties of mineral matter. Springer, Berlin, pp 496 97 Meisner L, Kuz min V (1986) Theoretical aspects of nonlinear optical methods of separation. Obogashenie rud 5 22-25 (in Russian)... 

Quadratic molecular nonlinear coefficients, i.e. Ptjk or quantities related can be determined by different techniques. It is useful to distinguish between nonlinear optical methods and spectroscopic methods. EFISH and HRS techniques belong to the first class, EOAM to the second. 

The nonlinear optical effects, observed at high intensity of the light, are investigated for application aspects and are used in conventional nonlinear optics methods and schemes. Among them are self-focusing, degenerate... 

In addition to field enhancement via localized plasmon excitation, nonlinear optical methods, such as optical second harmonic generation (SHG), deliver significant contrast enhancement which can be used for near-field exper-... 

It is most reasonable to use continuous lasers in absorption spectroscopy. However, pulse lasers are also used because their use makes it possible to expand the spectral region of the light source. Lasers on dye solutions are used for studying in the near-UV and visible regions. Semiconductor diode lasers are widely applied for the IR spectral region. There are nonlinear optical methods, which allow one to obtain the radiation with the difference (n3 = nj - n2) and summary frequencies. If one of the lasers are tunable, the radiation frequency n3 can be tuned in both UV and IR spectral regions. 

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