Nonlinear optical applications

Abstract Optical Parametric Oscillators provide a very efficient source of tunable coherent radiation. The principle of different kinds of OPOs are described. OPOs are used in astronomy for Laser Guide Star systems, and they may be used for other nonlinear optics applications in astrophysics, such as frequency conversion or parametric amplification. 

Cone-Shaped Dipolar Dendrimers for Nonlinear Optical Application 216... 

R. F. Haglund Jr., Quantum-dot composites for nonlinear optical applications, in R. E. Hummel, P. Wissmann (eds.) Handbook of Optical Properties II Optics of Small Particles, Interfaces, and Surfaces, Vol. 2, CRC Press, New York, 1997, 191. 

For preparation of dipolar polymers with dielectric properties and nonlinear optical applications, a piperidino-substituted a-cyanocinnamic acid was polycondensed with CDI.[551,tl54]... 

Kuebler SM, Rumi M (2004) Nonlinear optics - applications three-dimensional micro fabrication. In Guenther RD, Steel DG, Bayvel L (eds) Encyclopedia of modem optics. Oxford,... 

With the burgeoning of interest in this field, the publication of this book is very timely. An effort was made to include contributions from all the major research efforts in the world concerned with the development of organic and polymeric materials for nonlinear optical applications. The chapters in this book serve as a comprehensive view of the state of the art in this field, yet sufficient introductory and review material is included to render it useful for researchers interested in entering this field. 

Chiral Materials for Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Applications... 

CHIRAC MATERIALS FOR SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL APPLICATIONS... 

As mentioned in this section, the linear Stark effect measurement provides detailed information on noncentrosymmetric molecular orientation. This technique is very helpful for the advanced molecular design of noncentrosymmetric LB films for electro-optic and nonlinear optic applications. 

Cp Ru[H5C5B-C=C(C5H4)FeCp]+ nonlinear optics application S, X, H, C, IR, UV, E, hyper-Rayleigh scattering 20... 

Phthalocyanines 244 and hemiporphyrins 245 and 246 are aromatic systems. Extended conjugation confers special properties to these molecules that make them building blocks for new molecular organic materials with useful electric and nonlinear optical applications (Scheme 85).288... 

PPQs possess a stepladder structure that combines good thermal stability, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance with good processing characteristics (81). These properties allow unique applications in the aerospace and electronics industries (82,83). PPQ can be made conductive by the use of an electrochemical oxidation method (84). The conductivities of these films vary from 10-7 to 10-12 S/cm depending on the dopant anions, thus finding applications in electronics industry. Similarly, some thermally stable PQs with low dielectric constants have been produced for microelectronic applications (85). Thin films of PQs have been used in nonlinear optical applications (86,87). 

The Heck reaction appears well-suited for the synthesis of PPV derivatives for nonlinear optical applications. In Scheme 48, a difunctional monomer 44, con-... 

In general, the optimization of organic molecules for third order nonlinear optical applications has enjoyed much less success than for second order optical nonlinearities. The major reason for this has been the questionable validity of the two-level model for y, and the difficult assessment of the contribution of two-photon states for the more acceptable three-level model. 

But, in the general case, inhomogeneities are induced by fast chemical reactions and are very difficult to control. For this reason, precursors of controlled architectures have been developed for different purposes, such as to decrease the viscosity in high-solids systems, to lower shrinkage, to improve material properties and, for some electronic and nonlinear optical applications, to build nanosized ordered regions in the networks. 

Ashwell, G.J. (1999) Langmuir-blodgett films Molecular engineering of noncentrosymmetric structures for second order nonlinear optical applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 9, 1991-2003. 

We have discussed recent developments in the molecular design for third-order nonlinear optical applications. The following optimization guidelines can be derived from the above discussions. 

Aramaki, S., Ogawa, T., Ono, N., and Sugi, K. 1993. 3-Nitrochromenes for second order nonlinear optical applications. Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 23 1781-2. 

There have also been reports on the preparation of polar materials by a photo-electro-poling technique that combines the optically induced quadrupolar depletion of chromophores in the direction of the light electric vector with an additional field-induced orientation of dipolar chro-mophores. The latter allows the preparation of cold electrets, which are interesting for nonlinear optical applications, such as optical harmonic generation, wave mixing, etc. ... 

Azo-benzene molecules are widely recognized as attractive candidates for many nonlinear optical applications. A highly deformable distribution of the ic-electron gives rise to very lar molecular optical nonlinearitics, Phdto-isomerization of azo molecules allows linear and nonlinear macroscopic susceptibilities to be easily modified, giving an opportunity to optically control the nonlinear susceptibilities. In this chapter, we will discuss third-order nonlinear optical effects related to photoisornerization of azo-dye polymer optical materials. 

As mentioned in the beginning, the azo-polymers take a special place among prospective materials for nonlinear optical applications. This chapter attempted to summarize research activities aimed at all-optical controlling third-... 

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