Nonlinear nanostructured materials

Finally, as for the linear optical properties, alternative approaches are being developed to calculate the nonlinear optical response of nanostructured materials. They are most of the time based on the numerical resolution of tlte equations governing the electromagnetic behaviour of a finite set of nanoparticles in a given spatial arrangement [61]. 

Nanostructured Polymeric Nonlinear Photonic Materials for Optical Limiting... 

This factor is taken into account in (3.5)-(3.8) above, but it can have an even greater importance in nonlinear effects, since the second-order and third-order nonlinear optical coefficients, and respectively, are affected by factors and /, respectively, as compared with the bulk material of the nanoparticle. Hence, for large /, a nanostructured material can have a larger optical nonlinearity than its bulk constituents. For typical semiconductor-doped matrices, > and /< 1. However, particularly strong local-field enhancements are observed for metal nanoparticles in the vicinity of the plasmon resonance [3.75]. 

High Tc Superconductors and Organic Conductors Ferroelectrics and Dielectrics Chalcogenide Glasses and Sol-Gel Materials Nanostructured Materials Liquid Crystals, Display, and Laser Materials Conducting Polymers Nonlinear Optical Materials... 

Abstract Optical techniques for three-dimensional micro- and nanostructuring of transparent and photo-sensitive materials are reviewed with emphasis on methods of manipulation of the optical field, such as beam focusing, the use of ultrashort pulses, and plasmonic and near-field effects. The linear and nonlinear optical response of materials to classical optical fields as well as exploitation of the advantages of quantum lithography are discussed. 

Sipe JE, Boyd RW (2002) Nanocomposite materials for nonlinear optics based on local field effects, in optical properties of nanostructured random media, 82nd edn. Springer, Berlin, pp 1-19... 

We have analyzed the influence of the annealing temperature, structural disorder, and the frequency of a continuous excitation laser radiation Vl on the first- and the second-order Raman spectra of several nanostructured carbon materials including single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), SWCNT-polymer composites, and nanostructured single-crystalline graphites. Consideration of the high-order nonlinear effects in Raman spectra and anharmonicity of characteristic Raman bands (such as G, G, and D modes) provides important information on the vibration modes and collective (phonon-like) excitations in such ID or 2D confined systems... 

Phonon-assisted tunneling (PhAT) model has been shown to explain properly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics and temperature dependence of conductivity in carbon nanotubes and other nanostructures of organic materials [1,2], In this paper, we want to show that this model is workable in explanation of I-V characteristics of inorganic nanodevices (Bi xSbx)2Te3 nanowires measured in a wide temperature range, 1.75-350 K, by Xiao et al. [3] and ZnSnOs nanowires presented in [4]. 

The concept of a multiphase nanostructured composite can be used to prepare a wide variety of optical materials. We have been able to dope two (or more) different optically responsive materials, each of which can be in different phases of the matrix ( e silica phase, the PMMA phase and the interfacial phase), to make multifimctional bulk materials for photonics. For example, we have doped in addition to the fiillerene, which is adsorbed in the interfacial phase, a fluorescent and optically nonlinear chromophore bisbenzothiazole 3,4-didecyloxy thiophene (BBTODT) in the PMMA phase. This nonlinear chromophore was developed by B. Reinhardt and co-workers at the Polymer Branch of U.S. Air Force Wright Laboratory 14). 

Nanostructured clusters of semiconductors and metals, which differ from the corresponding bulk material due to surface, shape, and quantum size effects, have been designed to possess unique properties due to electron confinement. The unique properties of nanosized metal particles can be utilized in a broad range of fields, from catalysis to optical filters as well as nonlinear optical devices. To understand how nanoclusters can be combined with dendrimers, first let s summarize general properties of dendrimers. 

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