Nondistillable residue

The apparent yields of monophenol ranged from 15% at 370°C. to 44% at 430°C. Neither the phenol nor the green lignin tar used for pasting oil could be completely recovered, and losses of 20-30% of the pasting oil were noted. Large, pitchy, nondistillable residues were obtained. In addition to the monophenols previously determined by the Noguchi Institute, we confirmed the presence of 0-ethylphenol, 0-w-propyl-phenol, 2,4-xylenol and 2,6-xylenol. 

According to Lawton and Weber 6 it was formed as one of the products ot tire action of fluorine diluted with nitrogen (in proportion 1 4 to 1 10) on soliil urea at O C. The resulting liquid mixture was distilled under reduced pressure and condensation at —142 C gave Mlf-j with a yield of 307r (calculated on tin. fluorine used) The nondistilling residue was composed of ditluorourea (I). 

Braun and Muijahn [75] reported that attempts to distill allyl mercaptan gave the pure product and a nondistillable residue. Braun and Plate [76] later reported that several other unsaturated mercaptans gave liquid polymers. Vaughan and Rust [77] obtained low-molecular-weight (less than 300) poly(alkylene sulfide) by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide and diallyl or diallyl ether. Coffinan [78] reported that polymeric alkylene sulfide of molecular weights to about 1300 were obtained by the reaction of dithiols with diolefins. 

The distillation of crude tall gives three by-product streams heads, distilled tall oil, and pitch. Although palmitic acid can be recovered from the heads fraction, usually this fraction is burned for its fuel value. Distilled tall oils (Sect. 10.1.2.3) most often have the same types of uses as for rosin and for tall oil fatty acids. These include such markets as surface coatings, inks, polymerization emulsifiers, and detergents. Thll oil pitch, the nondistilled residue from crude tall... 

This residue is further heated and introduced into a vacuum column operated at an absolute pressure of about 50 millimeters of mercury, a vacuum maintained by the use of steam ejectors. A flash separation is made to produce heavy gas oil and nondistillable pitch. 

A considerable amount of nondistillable resinous residue always found in the distillation of crude product suggests (79ZOR602) that 2-methyl-1-vinylpyrrole is more readily polymerized than other N-vinylpyrroles under... 

The products of the pyrolysis are grouped under three categories a gas phase material, a distillable liquid, and a nondistillable char, all at ambient conditions. At any time during the course of the reaction, the material in the microbalance reactor would be a combination of the incompletely reacted pitch and the char reaction product, which will be referred to as the residue. 

This test method is intended for use on any petroleum product. A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 7.8. A procedure for testing the fluidity of a residual fuel oil at a specified temperature is describe in the appendix. 

---