Nomenclature types for substituted systems

Since the lUPAC nomenclature system relies totally on the pivotal concept of the parent structure to which, in a second sphere, substituents are assigned, it appeared advisable to maintain this division also for the chapters of this book. Thus, we begin with the exposition of the nomenclature rules for parent structures and, in the second chapter, proceed with the discussion of the different types of nomenclature for substituted systems, radicals, and ions in the third chapter specific classes of functional compounds are addressed, followed, in the forth chapter, by the treatment of metal organyls and, in the fifth, of carbohydrates. The concluding sixth chapter takes up once again the construction of the final names of complex compounds including isotopic modifiers and stereochemical descriptors. 

This naming method is used only for a limited number of compound classes which are listed in Table 9 in descending order of priority. In contrast to substitutive nomenclature, parent systems are named here in the guise of their radicals , i. e. substituent groups, to which are added, separated by a space, the anionized names of the compound class in question. Some examples may illustrate the principles of this nomenclature type ... 

The minimum flow often corresponds to maximum pressure drop and vice versa and these actual pressure drops are determined by system hydraulics (as discussed earlier). Also note that there are Cy corrections for viscous flow for cases where the valve Reynolds numbers are less than 5000. Finally, note that the valve characteristic type and rangeability should be checked, as detailed earlier. Although sizing equations in this sections use Fisher nomenclature, they are equivalent to ANSI/ISA versions if fI (where L signifies liquid) is substituted for Km-... 

It should be emphasized once again that the rules of substitutive nomenclature are to be preferred over all other naming methods because they are indeed most generally and most extensively applicable. Nevertheless, for a number of not always clearly delineated types of compounds several other nomenclature systems - to be outlined in the following sections - are still retained it is hoped, though, that these will gradually be abolished in favour of substitutive nomenclature. 

Conjunctive nomenclature is particularly suitable for systems multiply substituted with identical functional parents but is generally used by Chem. Abstr. for any type of saturated linear monocarboxylic acid bearing a ring as substituent group. 

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