Nitrous oxide preparation

When the salt is heated to temperatures from 200 to 230°C, exothermic decomposition occurs (4,21). The reaction is rapid, but it can be controlled, and it is the basis for the commercial preparation of nitrous oxide [10024-97-2]. 

Nitrous oxide is a colourless, non-flammable, non-corrosive gas with a sweetish odour and taste. It is prepared both in the laboratory and on a commercial scale by heating ammonium nitrate ... 

WEB Dinitrogen oxide, commonly called nitrous oxide, is used as a propellant gas for whipped-cream dispensers. It is prepared by heating ammonium nitrate to 250°C Water vapor is also formed. 

Hensen EJM, Zhu Q, van Santen RA. 2005. Selective oxidation of benzene to phenol with nitrous oxide over MFI zeolites. 2. On the effect of the iron and aluminum content and the preparation route. J Catal 233 136-146. 

Most of the C-diazeniumdiolates are not NO donors since they hydrolyze to produce nitrous oxide directly [174]. However, it has been found that carefully selected compounds can serve as NO donors under physiological conditions via alternative reaction pathways. Many cupferron analogs release NO via enzymatic oxidation [175] as do Oi-alkylated diazeniumdiolates [176]. Several novel types of NO-releasing N-hydroxy-N-nitrosamines have been prepared. These new preparative methods have been described in earlier sections. The precursors are enamines (Scheme 3.10), phenolates (Scheme 3.12), nitriles, and N-hydroxyguanidines (Scheme 3.9). 

N, O-Diacylated or O-alkylated N-hydroxysulfonamides release nitroxyl (HNO) upon hydrolysis or metabolic dealkylation, as determined by gas chromatographic identification of nitrous oxide in the reaction headspace [27-29, 38]. Scheme 7.5 depicts the decomposition of a representative compound (7) to a C-acyl nitroso species that hydrolyzes to yield HNO. Either hydrolysis or metabolism removes the O-acyl or O-alkyl group to give an N-hydroxy species that rapidly decomposes to give a sulfinic acid and an acyl nitroso species. This C-acyl nitroso species (8) hydrolyzes to the carboxylic acid and HNO (Scheme 7.5). These compounds demonstrate the ability to relax smooth muscle preparations in vitro and also inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase, similar to other HNO donors [27, 29]. 

Another example of heterogeneous catalysis by oxo-ions is the one-step oxidation of benzene to phenol with nitrous oxide, N2O. Fe/MFI catalysts have, again been found to be very active. This catalysis was discovered by Iwamoto and has been extensively studied by the group of G. Panov in Novosibirsk. " Preparations of Fe/MFI which appear highly active for this reaction display poor activity for NOj reduction and those which are optimum for that process, are poor for benzene oxidation. This shows that different sites are used. Work by Jia et al. revealed that the active sites for benzene oxidation appear to be Fe-oxo-ions containing only one Fe ion. This does not necessarily mean that the sites are mononuclear. A recent work by Zhu et al. has rather suggested that the site consists of one Fe and one Al + ion, the latter ion having left the zeolite framework. ... 

Q. Zhu, R. M. van Teeffelen, R. A van Santen, and E. J. M. Hensen, Effect of high-temperature treatment on Fe/ZSM-5 prepared by chemical vapor deposition of FeCls 11. Nitrous oxide decomposition, selective oxidation of benzene to phenol, selective reduction of nitrous oxide by MO-butane, J. Catal. 221, 575—583 (2004)... 

Rafter TA (1957) Sulphur isotopic variations in nature, P 1 the preparation of sulphur dioxide for mass spectrometer examination, N Z J Sci Tech B38 849 Rahn T, Wahlen M (1997) Stable isotope enrichment in stratospheric nitrous oxide. Science 278 1776-1778... 

Nitrous oxide may be prepared by heating molten ammonium nitrate carefully. Rapid and strong heating can cause explosion ... 

Pure nitrous oxide may be prepared by treating a solution of sodium nitrite, NaN02 with that of hydroxyl amine hydrochloride, NH20H HC1 ... 

Sodium azide is prepared by reacting sodium amide with nitrous oxide. The amide is heated with nitrous oxide at 200°C or its solution in liquid ammonia is treated with nitrous oxide at ambient temperature ... 

Nitrous oxide (N20) was first prepared by Priestly in 1772. Its anaesthetic properties were described by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1800 and it was first used in clinical practice by Colton and Wells in 1844. Physical characteristics... 

Polypropylene. A similar study on polypropylene is interesting because polypropylene has a molecular structure intermediate between polyethylene and polyisobutylene. An atactic polypropylene specimen was prepared by ether extraction and irradiated in a nitrous oxide atmosphere. The changes in gel fraction (insoluble in hot xylene) as a function of N-jO pressure are shown in Figure 6. Gel formation (cross-linking) of polypropylene is also promoted in the presence of nitrous oxide. 

The expression and characterization of a recombinant subunit II of the archaebacterial terminal oxidase complex in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius was achieved. The binuclear CuA centre was shown to be correctly inserted. A protonation of one of the coordinating histidines was suggested from the pH-profile.109 The subunit is part of a supercomplex SoxM which also has been isolated in a catalytically competent form for the first time.110 Nitrous oxide reductase (NOR) was prepared from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans and charac-... 

Aminoferrocene (XXXV) can be prepared in low yield by treatment of O-methylhydroxylamine or O-benzylhydroxylamine with ferrocenyllithium (1, 65). Nitroferrocene (XXXVI), unattainable by direct nitration of ferrocene, can be isolated from the reaction of ferrocenyllithium and either n-propyl nitrate or dinitrogen tetroxide at —70° (30, 36). A similar reaction between ferrocenyllithium and nitrous oxide leads to azoferrocene (XXXVII) (08). 

Ammonium nitrate has a sharp, bitter, unpleasant taste. Its physiological action has been studied by T. Case.18 The salt is used in making freezing mixtures in the manufacture of explosives and in the preparation of nitrous oxide gas. 

Nitrourea, like nitroguanidine, is prepared by the action of sulphuric acid on urea nitrate. It was recommended as an explosive by Badische Anilin und Soda-Fabrik in 1915 [62] but without success, as it was not sufficiently stable. In the presence of water it decomposes at a little above 60°C with the evolution of nitrous oxide. 

Preparation. Sodium azide was first prepd in 1891 by Curtius (Ref 1) by saponification of benzoyl azide with an ale or aq soln of NaOH. Wislicenus (Ref 2) prepd NaN, by passing a mixt of NH, and N,0 over molten Na or by treating sodium amide at 150°-250° with nitrous oxide ... 

The catalyst samples were prepared by pelletizing mixtures of powdered carbides and inert materials (for instance, BaS04). Oxygen or nitrous oxide were used as oxidants. Experiments were run in a quartz flow reactor at atmospheric pressure at 973-1023 K utilizing 0.2-0.5 g of carbide at flow rate of 30-100 cm3/min. The reactants and reaction products were separated on CaA molecular sieves and l,2,3-tn. v-/ -cyanoethoxypropane/ polysorb A columns. 

The commercial preparation of the azides is carried out either by the interaction of hydrazine with a nitrite or by the interaction of sodamide with nitrous oxide. The first of these methods... 

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