Nitrous oxide alkaline solutions

Alkaline solutions of mononitroparaffins undergo many different reactions when stored for long periods, acidified, or heated. Acidification of solutions of mononitro salts is best effected slowly at 0°C or lower with weak acids or buffered acidic mixtures, such as acetic acid—urea, carbon dioxide, or hydroxyl ammonium chloride. If mineral acids are used under mild conditions, eg, dilute HCl at 0°C, decomposition yields a carbonyl compound and nitrous oxide (Nef reaction). 

Nitrous oxide [10024-97-2] M 44.0, h -88.5°. Washed with cone alkaline pyrogallol solution, to remove O2, CO2, and NO2, then dried by passage through columns of P2O5 or Drierite, and collected in a dry trap cooled in liquid N2. Further purified by ffeeze-pump-thaw and distn cycles under vacuum [Ryan and Freeman J Phys Chem 81 1455 1977],... 

The secondary amine and nitrous oxide are the only isolated products from reduction of nitrosamines in alkaline solution [117]. 

The oxidation products of hydroxylamine depend upon the nature of the oxidizing agent and the conditions of oxidation. Acid solutions of hydroxylamine react with ferric oxide to give quantitative yields of nitrous oxide and water (Knorre and Arndt, 20 Bray et al., 21) alkaline solutions of hydroxylamine react with cupric hydroxide to give... 

Dihydroxylamidosulphonic Acid, N(OH)2SQ3H.—A basic salt of this acid having the composition N (OH) (OK )SO 3K has been obtained as the first product of the interaction of sulphur dioxide with a concentrated alkaline solution of potassium nitrite.3 The salt is alkaline in solution and with barium chloride yields a white precipitate, soluble in acids. Sulphuric acid liberates nitrous oxide from it. 

The nitric oxide was determined as usual—by absorption in water and titration. Control experiments on the combustion of the gas at low temperature and of analysis according to Kjeldahl (reduction of nitric and nitrous acids to NH3 by the action of MgAl-alloy in alkaline solution, distillation and absorption of NH3 by acid) convinced us that the gas contained no noticeable traces of sulphur and that the acidity as ordinarily determined depends on nitric and nitrous acids. 

Sherman WV (1967a) Photosensitized chain reactions in alkaline solutions of nitrous oxide in 2-pro-panol. J Am Chem Soc 89 1302-1307... 

Sherman WV (1967b) Light-induced and radiation-induced reactions in methanol. I. y-Radiolysis of solutions containing nitrous oxide. J Phys Chem 71 4245-4255 Sherman WV (1967c) The y-radiolysis of liquid 2-propanol. III. Chain reactions in alkaline solutions containing nitrous oxide. J Phys Chem 71 1695-1702 Silva C, Walhout PK, Yokoyama K, Barbara PF (1998) Femtosecond solvation dynamics of the hydrated electron. Phys Rev Lett 80 1086-1089... 

Burchill CE, Wollner GP (1972) Radiation-induced oxidation of 2-propanol by nitrous oxide in alkaline aqueous solution. Can J Chem 50 1751-1756... 

Barium. Before the routine use of AAS, Ba was analyzed by emission spectrograph or a KMnO spot test (13). Alkali and alkaline earth metals are analyzed in nitrous oxide/acetylene flames with ionization suppressants such as 1000 ppm Cs. For barium analysis by P CAM 173, background correction must be used whenever greater than 1000 ppm calcium is in the analyte solution. There are strong Ca(0H)2 absorptions and emission at 553.6 nm, which is the barium analytical line. 

Other methods of formation are the addition of sodium carbonate to a solution of cupric sulphate and sodium chloride reduced with sulphurous acid,9 and that of an alkaline solution of sodium potassium tartrate to a solution of cuprous chloride and sodium chloride.10 At temperatures below 350° C. copper reacts with nitrous oxide to form cuprous oxide above this temperature the product is cupric oxide.u Cuprous oxide is also formed at the anode in the electrolysis of a solution of cupric sulphate,12 and by heating cupric oxide in steam. 

Desulfurization of sulfanyl-substituted purine allows the replacement of the SH group by hydrogen. The reaction is usually accomplished with Raney nickel in aqueous ammonia, for example, formation of 3. Reduetive desulfurization can also be carried out in the presence of other reactive substituents. Desulfurization can also be carried out by oxidizing reagents such as nitrous acid (sec Houben-Wcyl. Vol. 4/1 a, p 863), dilute nitric acid (Houben-Weyl, Vol. 4/1 a, p 747) or hydrogen peroxide. Iodine in alkaline solution may be used. When enolization of the sulfanyl group is not possible due to ring substituents, desulfurization can lead to dihydro derivatives. For examples, see Table 38. 

Nitrous oxide added to neutral or alkaline aqueous solutions converts the hydrated electron to OH radicals that react with ascorbate at near diffusion-controlled rates (see Table II) to give a mixture of ascorbate radical anion and OH-radical adducts ... 

The 1-methylamino derivative 71 behaves like a typical secondary amine, forming a benzoyl derivative with benzoyl chloride and a N-nitroso compound with nitrous acid. Alkaline hydrolysis results in ring opening to give caffeidine (75). The parent heterocycle and its 3-methyl derivative form 7-oxides on treatment with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. The 3-thioxo compound 65 is readily desulfurized by Raney nickel in ammonium hydroxide solution. ... 

The nitrous oxide was passed through two successive alkaline py-rogallol solutions and finally through triply distilled water. The aromatic compounds were either Baker Analyzed reagents or Baker Grade reagents. 

A general review of pulse radiolysis studies on electron transfer in solution is presented together with some recent unpublished data. Electron transfer processes occurring in irradiated solutions of metal ions, inorganic anions, and various aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds are discussed with respect to general redox phenomena in radiation and free radical chemistry. Specific topics include the measurement of peroxy radical formation, the use of nitrous oxide in alkaline radiation chemistry, and cascade electron transfer processes. Some implications of the kinetics of electron transfer are discussed briefly. 

Atomic spectrometric tests in air/acetylene flames a number of ions (like phosphate, sulphate, aluminium) decrease the emission and absorption signals of barium (and all of the alkaline earth metals). Adding an equal volume of a 25% solution of lanthanum chloride heptahydrate LaCl3 7H2O eliminates these interferences. Addition of lanthanum is not required if the nitrous oxide/acetylene flame is used. 

Jean Michel Hausmann of Colmar (Colmar, 4 February 1749-Strasbourg, 16 December 1824), owner of dyeworks, found that purified nitric oxide in contact with precipitated ferrous hydroxide suspended in pure water or alkali solution is reduced to ammonia, the ferrous hydroxide forming ferric hydroxide he also found reduction on absorption in ferrous sulphate solution. On standing over an alkaline solution of arsenic sulphide nitric oxide is reduced to nitrous oxide. 

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