Nitroglycerine properties

Trimethylolethane trinitrate (metriol trinitrate) is not satisfactory as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose, and must be used with other plasticizers such as metriol triacetate. Mixtures with nitroglycerin tend to improve the mechanical properties of double-base cast propellants at high and low temperatures. Metriol trinitrate has also been used in combination with triethylene glycol dinitrate as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose. Its physical properties are Hsted in Table 7 (118-122). 

Cyclic GMP is made from GTP by the enzyme gua-nylyl cyclase, which exists in soluble and membrane-bound forms. Each of these isozymes has unique physiologic properties. The atriopeptins, a family of peptides produced in cardiac atrial tissues, cause natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and inhibition of aldosterone secretion. These peptides (eg, atrial natriuretic factor) bind to and activate the membrane-bound form of guanylyl cyclase. This results in an increase of cGMP by as much as 50-fold in some cases, and this is thought to mediate the effects mentioned above. Other evidence links cGMP to vasodilation. A series of compounds, including nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nitric oxide, sodium nitrite, and sodium azide, all cause smooth muscle re-... 

The preparation and properties of TNT are described in Chapter 3. Next to nitroglycerine, TNT is the most important sensitising constituent of commercial explosives. For such purposes it does not need to have the high purity demanded for the military product, but otherwise the material is identical. 

Semi-gelatine explosives (see p. 49) are manufactured and cartridged as powder explosives, although the presence of a thickened nitroglycerine base gives them properties which can approach those of gelatines. 

In designing a gelatine explosive, the same questions must first be answered as in the case of all other explosives, namely, the bulk strength required and the degree of resistance to water. Again the practical requirement is to provide these properties with the minimum proportion of nitroglycerine. 

This base is used to the minimum possible extent in the final explosive as the water it contains does not contribute to the power and indeed requires energy for its evaporation. All slurry explosives therefore contain further ammonium nitrate in solid form and also a fuel for combustion. The ammonium nitrate is usually in dense form similar to that used in nitroglycerine explosives as this gives the best physical properties. However, it is common practice to mix the explosive hot so that much or all of the solid ammonium nitrate results from crystallisation during cooling. 

According to Sutton, cast double base charges are likely to contain 45-55% nitrocellulose, 25—40% nitroglycerine, 12-22% plasticiser and 1-2% other ingredients such as stabilisers. Typical properties are ... 

Great care must be exercised in the thermal analysis of certain sulfoxide complexes. Complexes of the type [Md SOl XX], (X = C104, N03, etc.) are known to be highly explosive on heating to elevated temperatures indeed, sulfoxide complexes with explosive properties equal to TNT and nitroglycerine have been reported in the patent literature (148,149). 

Thus, nitroglycerin s explosive properties are caused by three factors the energy that is given off by its decomposition, the rate at which the reaction occurs, and the small amount of energy that is needed to initiate the reaction. In this unit, you will learn about the energy and rates of various chemical reactions. 

Many energetic componnds have been reported where the azido group is in conjunction with another explosophore . This has been a popular approach to new energetic materials. 2-Azidoethyl nitrate, an explosive resembling nitroglycerine (NG) in its properties, was synthesized some time ago from the reaction of 2-chloroethanol with sodium azide followed by G-nitration of the product, 2-azidoethanol, with nitric acid. °... 

Nitrohoney (Nitromiel). Nitration is best conducted in mixtures of honey and glycerin, using the acids and procedure described under Nitroglycerin. The explosive properties of this mixed explosive are similar to those of Nitrohydrin (qv). Nitrohoney was patented for use in the so-called Thunder Powder (qv)... 

IEC 18, 676 -82 (1926) (An evaluation of available information on the physical properties of ethyleneglycol) (27 refs) 3) Ph Naoun, Nitroglycerine and Nitroglycerine Explosives translated from Ger by E.M. Symmes, The Williams Wilkins Co, Baltimore (1928X pp 212-18 4)... 

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