Nitrogen-containing polymers grafted

Physical and chemical properties of the phosphorus and nitrogen containing polymers used In the grafting plasma processes ... 

In this paper, the surface grafting of rayon fabrics with nitrogen and phosphorus containing polymers in cold plasma is studied. The analytical data (IR spectroscopy, TGA, electron microscopy, elemental analysis, etc.) indicate the formation of grafted copolymers. The grafted rayon fabrics present improved flame-retardant properties, the best behavior was proved by those grafted with polyurea of phosphinic acid. 

Our investigations suggest that grafted copolymers are obtained probably by the recombination reactions of the macroradicals generated both on the cellulosic support and on the nitrogen and phosphorus containing polymers. 

While polymers most commonly consist of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, hybrid materials containing metals or other elements represent an important class of materials [76-78]. Hybrid materials too have been used as hyperbranched grafts. Two examples of such materials are described here. The first is a polysiloxane graft. The second is a dendritic coordination polymer based on a thermally and oxygen stable Pd(II) pincer complex [79]. 

The preirradiated foam was treated with monomer solution containing ferrous ammonium sulfate catalyst under the conditions described above, but the nitrogen purge was omitted. The samples were removed from the monomer solution and passed between rubber rollers to remove excess monomer and then placed in an air-tight container. The container was evacuated, and grafting of the monomer-wetted polymer was allowed to proceed in vacuo for about 16 hours at room temperature. 

Abdel-Mohdy, F. A., Graft copolymerization of nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing monomers onto cellulosics for flame-retardant finishing of cotton textiles, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2003, 89, 2573-2578. 

The previous example illustrates that quantification on entirely polymeric systems is difficult to achieve and often requires elaborate post-modification steps. XPS analysis, however, can provide straightforward information on the presence of hetero-atoms from the graft polymer (e.g., phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur) if the substrate polymer does not contain these elements. Moreover, complexation of metal cations such as Fe ", Ni ", and Cu " can also be investigated. XPS is therefore complementary to other analysis techniques, such as UV spectroscopy and ATR-IR spectroscopy. 

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