Bases containing nitrogen

Aromatic Perfluoro-compounds. Part IV. The Reaction of Aromatic Polyfluoro-compounds with Nitrogen-containing Bases," G. M. Brooke, J. Burdon, M. Stacey, and J. C. Tallow, J. Chem. Soc., (1960) 1768-1771. 

Phospholipids derived from glycerols, fatty acids, phosphoric acid and a nitrogen containing base (Both have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)... 

Noticeably, the reaction of Ni2+ with dithizone is quite slow and sluggish. Nevertheless, this slow reaction is significantly accelerated by the addition of nitrogen-containing bases like 1, 10-phenanthroline. The resulting complex may be represented by the following equation ... 

There are two types of nitrogen-containing bases commonly foimd in nucleotides purines and pyrimidines (F ure 1-1-4) ... 

The nitrogen-containing bases that occur in DNA and RNA fall into two structural categories the purines and the pyrimidines. The former contain a five-membered ring fused to a six-membered ring, while the latter contain a six-membered ring only. The two purines are common to both DNA and RNA adenine (A) and guanine (G). The pyrimidine cytosine (C) occurs in both DNA and RNA. The other pyrimidine is thymine (T) in DNA but uracil (U) in RNA. 

DNA is information. We now have a picture of a DNA molecule (or an RNA molecule) as a long string of nucleotides, each bearing one of four nitrogen-containing bases. We might visualize the sequence of bases in a DNAmolecule as, for example ... 

A. A nucleoside is formed from the linkage of a sugar with a nitrogen-containing base. 

Shul pin and coworkers have demonstrated, in several papers, that other peroxo vanadium complexes closely related to 36, containing in the coordination sphere amino acids, nitrogen-containing bases or weak carboxylic acids, are effective oxidants of satnrated and aromatic hydrocarbons. An accnrate account containing this work, together with results related to the use of other transition metals, has appeared and aU the relevant literature can be found there. 

Nitrogen-containing bases have been used to bring about partial deprotection of carbohydrate nitrates. Considerable selectivity was achieved in the reaction245 of 6-0-acetyl-l,2-0-isopropylidene-a-D-glucofuranose 3,5-dinitrate in benzene solution with a 30% solution of dimethylamine in ethanol, from which 1,2-O-isopropylidene-a-D-glu-cofuranose 5-nitrate was isolated in 47% yield. 

Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose monosaccharide, and one, two, or three phosphate groups. The nitrogen-containing bases belong to two families of compounds the purines and the pyrimidines. 

Often, the cationic component of the ion pair is formed by the protonation of a compound of appreciable basicity, most typically a nitrogen-containing base. Alternatively, the cation may be of the quaternary ammonium, phosphonium or arsonium type. 

Pretula, J., Kaluzynski, K., and Penczek, S. Synthesis of poly(alkylene phosphates) with nitrogen-containing bases in the side chains 1. N- and C-substituted imidal-zoles. Macromolecules 19 1797-1799, 1986. 

Make a model of a DNA molecule. (Usually biology classrooms have model kits available for this purpose.) A DNA molecule has three components a nitrogen-containing base combinations of cytosine, adenine, thymine and guanine, and ribose (a five-carbon sugar) and a phosphate group. What is the shape of this molecule How is the activity of the DNA molecule explained by its shape ... 

The reactions are usually carried out [201,202] in nonaqueous solvents (Solv) (alcohols, acetonitrile, DMF, and DMSO) which take part mainly as ligands in formed molecular complexes. Additionally to them, the nitrogen-containing bases (pyridine, bipy, 1,10-phen) were used. Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb have mainly been applied as a source of complex-former. The ammonium salts are represented by halides and pseudohalides, in particular rhodanides, which have been used especially widely [664-675],... 

Nitrogen-Containing Bases. Ammonia in 99.6% H202 exploded violently16 with hydrazine hydrate, initial reaction may be slow, followed by sudden explosive reaction17 1,1-dimethylhydrazine ignites on contact with concentrated H202.18... 

Esters of phosphoric acid that contain fatty acid(s), an alcohol, and a nitrogen-containing base. See also Lipid. 

Figure 6.1. Structure of DNA double helix. DNA double helix of 20 A diameter with its two strands twisted around each other. The nitrogen-containing bases are perpendicular to the helical axis and about 3.4A apart from their next base of the same strand. The bases from the two strands opposite each other form hydrogen bonds and help to stabilize the helix. The helix makes a complete turn every 34 A. (Reproduced from Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, T. M. Devlin, ed., Wiley, New York, 1982.)...

In 1993, Tripp and Hair83 described a method to promote the direct reaction of the chlorosilyl headgroup with the surface hydroxyls groups, using a nitrogen-containing base (triethylamine). In this method, polymerization is avoided because the base and chlorosilane are not added simultaneously but subsequentially in a two-step process. 

The silica is evacuated and exposed to the vapour of a nitrogen-containing base which forms a strong hydrogen bond with the surface silanols. Excess base is removed by evacuation and the silica is then placed in contact with the chlorosilane. It is the evacuation of the excess amine which suppresses polymerization. 

The M(/ -diketonate)2(polyether) compounds are normally white or colorless solids with good solubility in many organic solvents. As a group, they have the lowest melting points and sublimation temperatures, and therefore the best apparent volatilities, of any of the compounds discussed in this review.216 As noted previously, passing nitrogen-containing bases... 

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