Nitrogen compounds layer silicates

Moreover, the development of new strategies for surface modifications of nanoparticles with compounds having FR activity could provide a new field of research on FR systems. The use of novel phosphorus-, nitrogen-, or halogen-containing modifiers, instead of alkylammonium ions, for layered silicates seems promising. FR action conferred by the surface modifier can be combined with action due to composite morphology, particularly when the host polymer is a polymer blend instead of a pure polymer. 

Layered Silicates Associated with Other Phosphorus and Nitrogen Compounds... 

Among the conventional FR, which can be potentially associated with organomodified layered silicates, nitrogen compounds play a specific role in improving the flame retardancy of some polymers, particularly polyamides. Melamine and its salts are widely used, due to its ability to release... 

Weiss [1963] has summarized the very extensive work of himself and his collaborators (Weiss and Hofmann [1951], Weiss et al. [1956, 1956a], Weiss [1958], Weiss et al. [1959]) on alkylammonium-vermiculite complexes. They find that the complexes are formed in simple stoichiometric proportions. Some estimate of the charge density of the silicate layers can be made from X-ray diffraction measurements of the interlayer distance of the pure n-alkyl-ammonium derivatives. Comparison is made with a variety of other minerals (silicates vanadates, phosphates, uranyl salts), which form similar organic complexes. Measurements have been made of the extra swelling produced when alkylammonium-silicates are treated with various liquids, viz., water and aqueous electrolyte solutions, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, nitrocompounds, phenols, nitrogen bases, esters, ethers, ketones, halogen compounds, and hydrocarbons. 

---