Nitro compounds poly-, reduction

The lower members of the homologous series of 1. Alcohols 2. Aldehydes 3. Ketones 4. Acids 5. Esters 6. Phenols 7. Anhydrides 8. Amines 9. Nitriles 10. Polyhydroxy phenols 1. Polybasic acids and hydro-oxy acids. 2. Glycols, poly-hydric alcohols, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones (sugars) 3. Some amides, ammo acids, di-and polyamino compounds, amino alcohols 4. Sulphonic acids 5. Sulphinic acids 6. Salts 1. Acids 2. Phenols 3. Imides 4. Some primary and secondary nitro compounds oximes 5. Mercaptans and thiophenols 6. Sulphonic acids, sulphinic acids, sulphuric acids, and sul-phonamides 7. Some diketones and (3-keto esters 1. Primary amines 2. Secondary aliphatic and aryl-alkyl amines 3. Aliphatic and some aryl-alkyl tertiary amines 4. Hydrazines 1. Unsaturated hydrocarbons 2. Some poly-alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons 3. Alcohols 4. Aldehydes 5. Ketones 6. Esters 7. Anhydrides 8. Ethers and acetals 9. Lactones 10. Acyl halides 1. Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons Cyclic paraffin hydrocarbons 3. Aromatic hydrocarbons 4. Halogen derivatives of 1, 2 and 3 5. Diaryl ethers 1. Nitro compounds (tertiary) 2. Amides and derivatives of aldehydes and ketones 3. Nitriles 4. Negatively substituted amines 5. Nitroso, azo, hy-drazo, and other intermediate reduction products of nitro com-pounds 6. Sulphones, sul-phonamides of secondary amines, sulphides, sulphates and other Sulphur compounds... 

Putrescine and Cadaverine.— The poly-amines may be obtained by the reduction of poly-nitro compounds or poly-cyanogen compounds (pp. 70, 75). In the former case the amine has the same number of carbons as the nitro compound but in the latter case the amine has two more carbons than the radical of the di-cyanogen compound. The usual method of formation, however, is the one already used in preparing the mono-amines, viz., from the corresponding halogen compound by action of ammonia. 

Polymer-supported enzymes have been combined with polymer-supported reagents in the synthesis of the bryostatins. The nitrone derived from the nitro compound 43 supported on a soluble aryl poly-ether polymer undergoes an efficient 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with butenone to give the isoxazoline 44 and hence by reduction the racemic syn compound 45 required for the synthesis.16... 

Hydrogen sulfide derivatives can also be used for partial reduction of poly-nitro compounds. 

Conductive polymer nanocomposites may also be used in different electrical applications such as the electrodes of batteries or display devices. Linseed oil-based poly(urethane amide)/nanostuctured poly(l-naphthylamine) nanocomposites can be used as antistatic and anticorrosive protective coating materials. Castor oil modified polyurethane/ nanohydroxyapatite nanocomposites have the potential for use in biomedical implants and tissue engineering. Mesua ferrea and sunflower seed oil-based HBPU/silver nanocomposites have been found suitable for use as antibacterial catheters, although more thorough work remains to be done in this field. ° Sunflower oil modified HBPU/silver nanocomposites also have considerable potential as heterogeneous catalysts for the reduction of nitro-compounds to amino compounds. Castor oil-based polyurethane/ epoxy/clay nanocomposites can be used as lubricants to reduce friction and wear. HBPU of castor oil and MWCNT nanocomposites possesses good shape memory properties and therefore could be used in smart materials. ... 

It has clearly been shown that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase was responsible for the cytotoxicity exhibited by five of the six benzamides tested. 3-Nitrobenz-amide was markedly more cytotoxic than would be expected on the basis of its K,. Nitro-compounds have been shown to be cytotoxic and genotoxic. This is thought to arise by reduction to reactive intermediates which can then modify DNA [3]. When uridine incorporation was correlated with the Hammet constant, 3-nitrobenzamide fitted very well. The shorter exposure time in this assay minimises any metabolite effects. 

It is convenient to include under Aromatic Amines the preparation of m-nitroaniline as an example of the selective reduction of one group in a polynitro compound. When m-diuitrobenzene is allowed to react with sodium poly-sulpliide (or ammonium sulphide) solution, only one of the nitro groups is reduced and m-nitroaniline results. Some sulphur separates, but the main reaction is represented by ... 

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