3-nitro-1-alkene alkanal

Nitroalkenes (see 30) are easily made from nitro-alkanes and aldehydes and take part as dieno-philes in Diels-Alder reactions (chapter 17). The products can, as usual, be converted into amines or ketones. The stimulant fencamfamin 39 disconnects to the obvious Diels-Alder adduct 41 from cyelopentadiene 42 and the nitro-alkene 43. 

Dinitro-alkane sind synthetische Aquivalente fur 1,3-Dicarbonyl-Verbindungen sie sind in guter Ausbeute durch Michael-Addition von Nitro-alkanen an 1-Nitro-alkene zuganglich (s.Bd.X/1, S. 229) ... 

Further, the recently developed one-pot procedure (Vol 6, p. 208) for the synthesis of nitro-alkenes from nitro-alkanes via phenylselenylation and subsequent oxidative elimination has been improved and extended to provide 1-nitro-l-hydroxymethyl-alkenes in excellent yield (Scheme 34). ... 

In the present time many catalytic systems have been proposed in which various unsaturated compoimds, viz., alkenes, alkanes, dienes, aromatic and hetaocyclic conqx>unds, aldehydes, ketones, and nitro con unds, are hydrogoiated by molecular hydrogen. Selecting the corresponding catalysts and reaction cmiditions, one can achieve a high selectivity and perform reactions that afford asymmetrical compounds. 

One year later, Rahaman et al. reported a cascade reaction of aldehyde and nitro alkanes for the synthesis of functionalized y-nitro aldehydes with high reactivity [33], Generation of the intermediate nitro alkenes involved cooperative secondary amine/hydrogen bonding-promoted condensation of nitromethane and aldehydes. Consequently, the newly formed nitro alkenes promptly participated in the next cycle cocatalyzed by the two catalysts (Scheme 9.37). 

N02 36 37 Synthesis of nitro-substituted alkanes, alkenes, and aromatic compounds. 

In general, peroxomonosulfates have fewer uses in organic chemistry than peroxodisulfates. However, the triple salt is used for oxidizing ketones (qv) to dioxiranes (7) (71,72), which in turn are useful oxidants in organic chemistry. Acetone in water is oxidized by triple salt to dimethyldioxirane, which in turn oxidizes alkenes to epoxides, polycycHc aromatic hydrocarbons to oxides and diones, amines to nitro compounds, sulfides to sulfoxides, phosphines to phosphine oxides, and alkanes to alcohols or carbonyl compounds. 

The Michael reaction of benzylidene acetophenone and benzylidene acetone with ethyl acetoacetate, nitromethane, and acetylacetone was studied by Musaliar and co-workers in the presence of a cetyltrimethy-lammonium bromide-containing aqueous micellar medium.50 The Michael reaction of various nitro alkanes with electrophilic alkenes is performed in NaOH (0.025-0.1 M) in the presence of cetyltrimethylam-monium chloride (CTACI) without any organic solvent (Eq. 10.23).51... 

Die Addition von Lithium-organocupraten an l-Aryl-2-nitro-l-alkene liefert a-Aryl-/ -nitro-alkane (12—79%)1 ... 

Ranu, B.C. and Hajra, A., Synthesis of alkyl-substituted pyrroles by three-component coupling of carbonyl compound, amine and nitro-alkane/alkene on a solid surface of silica gel/alumina under microwave irradiation, Tetrahedron, 2001, 57, 4767-4773. 

Small quantities of explosive laboratory chemicals can be destroyed following known methods. By adopting standard methods, it is possible to destroy or reduce the dangerous nature of laboratory chemicals and check their reaction. Hydrocarbons (e.g., alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, arenas) bum well and can be disposed of by incineration or as fuel supplants. Also, many hydrocarbons commonly used in chemical laboratories may be easily ignited. Some cyclic compounds such as alkanes and cyclohexane may form explosive peroxides. Personnel trained in handling explosives should destroy these compounds using detonation. Many poly(nitro) aromatic compounds are explosive, and their disposal requires the services of an expert. 

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