Nitric oxide biological effects

Kaminski, H. I., and Andrade, F, H. (2001). Nitric oxide Biologic effects on mu.scic and role in muscle diseases. Neuromuscular Disorder.t 11, 517-524,... 

Although the overall yield is small, 4-nitrosophenol is a significant product from addition of ONOO" alone (Fig. 3). ONOO"-mediated formation of nitroso adducts in biological systems, particularly nitrosothiols, likely accounts for the ability of ONOO" to produce nitric oxide-like effects such as vascular relaxation (Wu et al., 1994 Liu et ah, 1994). The yield of 4-nitrosophenol from ONOO" is not significantly affected by lowering the pH to 6.0 but does increase at pH 8.0 (Fig. 3). At pH 7.4 the yield of nitrosophenol increased severalfold when ONOO" and nitric oxide were added simultaneously. The yield of nitrosophenol from ONOO plus nitric oxide was essentially no different from that of nitric oxide alone at pH 6.0 or pH 8.0. 

Shekhter, A.B., et al. Beneficial effect of gaseous nitric oxide on the healing of skin wounds. Nitric Oxide-Biology and Chemistry 12(4), 210-219 (2005)... 

Clarke Ml, Gaul JB (1993) Chemistry Relevant to the Biological Effects of Nitric Oxide and Metallonitrosyls. 81 147-181... 

The non-metals carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are all essential for man, as is element number 9, fluorine. Some of the biological effects of the important intracellular messenger, nitric oxide, NO, which is derived from the amino acid arginine, are illustrated in... 

Despite the many decades amyl nitrite and glyceryl trinitrate have been used in therapy, it is only in recent years that the molecular mechanism of action of the nitrovasodilators has begun to be understood [3-5]. The drugs act by releasing nitric oxide (NO, a neutral radical usually written simply as NO), which produces smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessels and exhibits a range of other biological effects [6]. Thus, bioactivation to yield NO precedes the main therapeutic effect of nitrovasodilators and would justify their classifica-... 

Chemistry Relevant to the Biological Effects of Nitric Oxide and Metallonitrosyls... 

The importance of the dihydro and tetrahydro oxidation states of pterins in biology has stimulated interest in the study of the chemical properties of these compounds, especially with respect to electron-transfer and radical reactions. It has become apparent, perhaps unsurprisingly, that the stability and reactivity of these oxidation states are very sensitive to substituent effects and the much greater stability of the fully conjugated pteridines is most evident. The oxidation of tetrahydropterins and the reduction of dihydropterins have become especially important in the chemistry of nitric oxide production in nature and in oxidative stress but the accumulation of relevant facts has not led so far to a detailed understanding of the chemical property relationships. Relevant information is summarized in the following section. 

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