Nitric acid preparation

A stock solution of 3.0% potassium permanganate in 10% nitric acid (prepared fresh daily) was used to stabilize the mercury collected in the rinses from the sampling train. The stabilized solutions were then returned to TraDets Columbus, Ohio laboratory for analysis. 

Maurer, R. and Bartsch, U., Enhanced Plant Design for the Production of Azeotropic Nitric Acid, Prepared for Presentation at Heraeus Nitric Acid Conference, Johannesburg, South Africa, November 29-30, 2001. 

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate TS Dissolve 6.25 g of ceric ammonium nitrate [(NH Ce C g] in 100 mL of 0.25 N nitric acid. Prepare the solution fresh every third day. 

Millon s Reagent To 2 mL of mercury in an Erlenmeyer flask add 20 mL of nitric acid. Shake the flask in a hood to break the mercury into small globules. After about 10 min add 35 mL of water, and if a precipitate or crystals appear, add sufficient 1 5 nitric acid (prepared from nitric acid from which the oxides have been removed by blowing air through it until it is colorless) to dissolve the separated solid. Add a 1 10 solution of sodium hydroxide, drop wise, with thorough... 

MEK-HNO3 50 ml of O.IN nitric acid (prepared from distilled water and reagent grade nitric acid) is dissolved in 1 1. of redistilled methyl ethyl ketone. 

Standard blank - 1 % nitric acid. Prepare sufficient amount for use in standardization, determination and for nebulizer rinse between each measurement. 

Nitric acid Prepare 7 mol/LHNOs of ultrapure quality (see Section 12.1.5). 

Chlorosulfonic acid reacts with 100% nitric acid (prepared by distillation of concentrated nitric acid and 30% oleum) to give nitryl chloride 6 (Equation 13). Chlorosulfonic acid (one equivalent) is added dropwise to stirred 100% nitric acid at 0 °C, and after half an hour at RT, nitryl chloride distils as a pale yellow liquid (bp —17 to — 18 C). Pure nitryl chloride is a colourless gas and this reaction provides the best synthetic route to the compound. ... 

Usually prepared by the action of NaCN on benzaldehyde in dilute alcohol. It is oxidized by nitric acid to benzil, and reduced by sodium amalgam to hydrobenzoin PhCHOHCHOHPh by tin amalgam and hydrochloric acid to des-oxybenzoin, PhCH2COPh and by zinc amalgam to stilbene PhCH = CHPh. It gives an oxime, phenylhydrazone and ethanoyl derivative. The a-oxime is used under the name cupron for the estimation of copper and molybdenum. 

C3H6O4, HO OCHCOHj-CH OH. An un-crystallizable syrup it occurs in optically active forms. Prepared by oxidation of glycerin with nitric acid. 

Glycerol -dichlorohydrin, 2.3-dichloro-propanol, CH2CI CHC1 CH2 0H. Colourless liquid, b.p. 182 C. Prepared by the chlorination of propenyl alcohol. Oxidized by nitric acid to 1,2-dichloropropionic acid. Reacts with NaOH to give epichlorohydrin. 

C]2Hi50]2. Colourless needles m.pr. 286-288°C. When heated it decomposes into pyro mellitic anhydride, water and CO2. Occurs as the aluminium salt (honeystone) in some lignite beds. Prepared by oxidation of charcoal with concentrated nitric acid. 

Nitro-compounds are prepared by the direct action of nitric acid. The reaction is greatly facilitated if a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acid is used. 

Ditrosonium hydrogen sulphate, chamber crystals, NOHSO4. White solid m.p. 73°C (decomp.). Prepared SO2 and fuming nitric acid. Used in diazotization. 

CgHgNa. While crystals m.p. 147 C, b.p. 267"C, darken rapidly in air. Prepared by reducing p-nitroaniline or aminoazobenzene. Oxidizing agents convert it to quinone derivatives, hence it cannot be diazotized with nitric acid. 

The product is a solid yellow hydrated oxide. If prepared by a method in the absence of water, a black anhydrous product is obtained. Germanium(II) oxide is stable in air at room temperature but is readily oxidised when heated in air or when treated at room temperature with, for example, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, or potassium manganate(VII). When heated in the absence of air it disproportionates at 800 K ... 

Germanium(IV) oxide occurs in two forms one has a rutile lattice and melts at 1359 K whilst the other has a quartz lattice and a melting point of 1389 K. It can be prepared by oxidation of germanium using, for example, concentrated nitric acid, or by the hydrolysis of germanium tetrachloride ... 

Hydroxylamine is derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by a hydroxyl group. It is prepared by the electrolytic reduction of nitric acid, using a lead cathode ... 

Industrially nitrogen monoxide is prepared by the catalytic oxidation of ammonia as an intermediate in the manufacture of nitric acid (p. 238). The molecule of nitrogen monoxide contains an odd number of electrons and can be represented as... 

Dinitrogeri pentoxide is the anhydride of nitric acid and is prepared by removing water from pure nitric acid by means of phosphorus (V) oxide. It is a crystalline solid having the ionic structure of (N02) (N03) , nitronium nitrate (the nitronium ion is mentioned later). It decomposes above 273 K, thus ... 

Unlike phosphorus pentoxide, this oxide cannot be made directly. Arsenic(V) acid, H3ASO4 (strictly, tetraoxoarsenic acid), is first prepared by oxidising arsenic(III) oxide with concentrated nitric acid or some other strong oxidising agent ... 

Antimony forms both a + 3 and a + 5 oxide. The + 3 oxide can be prepared by the direct combination of the elements or by the action of moderately concentrated nitric acid on antimony. It is an amphoteric oxide dissolving in alkalis to give antimonates(III) (for example sodium antimonite , NaSb02), and in some acids to form salts, for example with concentrated hydrochloric acid the trichloride, SbCl3, is formed. 

Antimony(V) oxide can be prepared by treating antimony with concentrated nitric acid. It is an oxidising agent and when gently heated loses oxygen to form the trioxide. (The change in oxidation state stability shown by antimony should be noted since it corresponds to increasing metallic character.)... 

Nitric acid is prepared in the laboratory by distilling equal weights of potassium nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid using an air condenser, the stem of which dips into a flask cooled by tap water. The reaction is ... 

Nitrates are prepared by the action of nitric acid on a metal or its oxide, hydroxide or carbonate. All nitrates are soluble in water. On heating, the nitrates of the alkali metals yield only oxygen and the nitrite ... 

Tetraoxophosphoric acid, H3PO4 — This is prepared in the laboratory either by dissolving phosphorus(V) oxide in water (giving trioxophosphoric acid) and then heating to give the tetraoxo-acid or by heating violet phosphorus with 33% nitric acid, which oxidises it thus ... 

If phenol is heated with more concentrated nitric add (in the presence of sulphuric acid), nitration occurs ultimately at the para and at both the ortho positions, giving picric acid or 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. To prepare picric acid, however, it is more convenient first to heat the phenol with sulphuric acid, whereby a mixture of 0- and p-phenol sulphonic acids is readily obtained. If this mixture is now heated with concentrated nitric acid, nitration occurs at the... 

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