Nitrate promoted

Ceric ammonium nitrate promoted oxidative addition of silyl enol ethers to 1,3-butadiene affords 1 1 mixtures of 4-(/J-oxoalkyl)-substituted 3-nitroxy-l-butene and l-nitroxy-2-butene27. Palladium(0)-catalyzed alkylation of the nitroxy isomeric mixture takes place through a common ij3 palladium complex which undergoes nucleophilic attack almost exclusively at the less substituted allylic carbon. Thus, oxidative addition of the silyl enol ether of 1-indanone to 1,3-butadiene followed by palladium-catalyzed substitution with sodium dimethyl malonate afforded 42% of a 19 1 mixture of methyl ( )-2-(methoxycarbonyl)-6-(l-oxo-2-indanyl)-4-hexenoate (5) and methyl 2-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-(l-oxo-2-indanyl)-3-vinylbutanoate (6), respectively (equation 12). 

Abstract. The influence of the additions of the metal salts of the ferrous subgroup on the process of carbonisation of hydrated cellulose fibers has been investigated and the structure of obtained Me-carbon fibers has been studied. It is established that the presence in the hydrated cellulose fibers such salts as nickel chloride and nickel, cobalt and ferric nitrates promote the formation of structure ordered carbon phases at the process of carbonisation. 

Ruzziconi and coworkers used the ceric ammonium nitrate promoted C—C forming reaction to prepare polycyclic homo- and heteroaromatics starting from aryl-substituted silyl enolates and, more recently, the same strategy has been applied to the preparation of fluorinated naphthaldehydes and naphthyl ketones . 

These aminohydroxy compounds in the form of their salts are extremely useful as catalysts for permanent press resins. The utilization of these compounds alone or in combination with metal salts such as magnesium chloride or zinc nitrate promotes balanced curing action with a wide range of textile resins. These catalysts provide ... 

A facile approach to alkyl- and aryl-substituted 3-furylphosphonates (186) based on cesium ammonium nitrate-promoted radical reactions has been elaborated. ... 

The two proposed mechanisms by which nitrates promote venodilatation are stimulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) production and inhibition of thromboxane synthetase. 

Ceric ammonium nitrate promoted oxidative addition of silyl enol ethers to 1,3-1 mixtures of 4-(/l-oxoalkyl)-substituted 3-nitroxy-l-butene and Palladium(O)-catalyzed alkylation of the nitroxy isomeric mixture... 

Kim, B.S., and Kim, K., A facile and convenient synthesis of 3-alkylamino-5-arylthiophenes with a variety of substituents at C-2 and studies of reaction mechanisms, J. Org. Chem., 65, 3690, 2000. Ruzziconi, R., Couthon-Gourves, H., Gourves, J.-P., and Corbel, B., A facile approach to alkyl- and aryl-sub stituted 3-furylphosphonates based on ceric ammonium nitrate-promoted radical reactions, Synlett, 703, 2001. 

One SL nitroglycerin (NTG) tablet should be administered every 5 minutes for up to three doses to relieve myocardial ischemia. If patients have previously been prescribed sublingual NTG and ischemic chest discomfort persists for more than 5 minutes after the first dose, the patient should be instructed to contact emergency medical services before self-administering subsequent doses in order to activate emergency care sooner. IV NTG then should be initiated in all patients with an ACS who do not have a contraindication and who have persistent ischemic symptoms, heart failure, or uncontrolled blood pressure, and should be continued for approximately 24 hours after ischemia is relieved (see Table 16-4). Importantly, other life-saving therapy, such as ACE inhibitors or /3-blockers, should not be witheld because the mortality benefit of nitrates is unproven. Nitrates promote the release of nitric oxide from the endothelium, which results in venous... 

In practice, the aggressive solutions of salts are the most frequently occurring corrosive solutions they will be discussed later. On the other side the nitrate promoted corrosion is the untypical example. In this case the calcium nitrate-aluminate crystals are formed in the pores of cement paste [70]. The pastes from metallurgical cements show a significantly higher resistance to nitrates the slag content should exceed 70 %. 

Hu Y, Wei P, Huang H, Le ZG, Chen ZC (2005) Organic reactions in ionic liquids ionic liquids ethylammonium nitrate promoted knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds. Synth Commun 23(35) 2955-2960... 

The anation of c/s-[Co(en)2(OH2)2] by oxalic acid has been reported to be catalyzed by nitrate ion. A study of the pressure dependence of plots of kobs versus the concentration of oxalic acid in both perchlorate and nitrate media at [H "] = 2.0 M has now been carried out. The reported data at normal pressure are in good agreement with earlier observations. The volume of activation for the nitrate-promoted anation process is interpreted in terms of a dissociative process to give a five-coordinate intermediate. Discrimination within this intermediate to give the diaquo or oxalato species is independent of pressure up to 1500 bar. 

Figure 9.12. Pulsed nitrogen adsorption on potassium nitrate promoted ruthenium-carbon catalysts. denotes normalized peak width. This is a function of the heat of adsorp> tion of the more weakly bonded species. The increase in peak width above 520 K indicates the onset of an activated adsorption/desorption process. A denotes moles of irreversibly adsorbed nitrogen. The rapid increase above 700 K is possibly due to the formation of the N2—Ru—K bulk complex.

SCHEME 7.64 Nitrate-promoted palladium-catalyzed C—H fluorination using O-methyl oxime ethers as directing groups [102]. 

One of the most direct routes to the generation of vinyl fluorides involves the design of a process for the fluorination of vinyl C—H bonds (Scheme 7.102) [102]. This has been achieved using a silver nitrate-promoted palladium-catalyzed C—H activation reaction. The yields were moderate to good under very mild conditions using NFSI as an electrophilic fluorinating agent. 

CSNO3 was also proved to be an excellent promoter for Raney Ru catalyst. The activity was compared with other alkali metal nitrate-promoted catalysts and is shown in Fig. 3.8. CSNO3 was suggested to remain mainly as Cs (Cs20, CsOH) and partly as Cs metal because water vapor decreased the activity. The activity sequence is in the order of electropositivity (Cs > Rb > K > Na). Since Raney Ru contains aluminium (mainly AI2O3, some Al), CsN03-Raney Ru quite resembles the Fe-Al203 K20 catalyst with respect to the composition. 

Baciocchi, E., Casu, A., and Ruzziconi, R., Synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,4-diketones by the ceric ammonium nitrate promoted cross-coupling of trimethylsilyl enol ethers. Tetrahedron Lett., 30, 3707, 1989. 

Belli PaolobeUi, A., SecchereUi, R, Pizzo, E, and Ruzziconi, R., Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of unsaturated carbonyl compounds based on ceric ammonium nitrate-promoted oxidative addition of trimethylsilyl enol ethers to conjugated dienes,/. Org. Chem., 60, 4954,1995. 

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