Nitrate and Related Compounds

OxYANioNs Nitrate, Sulfate, Chlorate, Selenate, and Arsenate Nitrate and Related Compounds 

An important development is the appreciation of the role of anammox bacteria. These carry out the anaerobic reaction between NH4 and NO2 in which nitrite is the electron donor with the production of N2 (Schmid et al. 2005). Several groups of bacteria have been implicated, and all of them belong to the phylum Planctomyces, although quite distinct organisms may be involved. They 

Denitrification involves the sequential formation of nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Two aspects of nitric oxide have attracted attention (a) chemical oxidation of biogenic nitric oxide to Nq, in the context of increased ozone formation (Stohl et al. 1996) and (b) the physiological role in mammalian systems (Feldman et al. 1993 Stuehr et al. 2004), in parasitic infections (James 1995), and in the inhibition of bacterial respiration (Nagata et al. 1998). Nitric oxide may be produced microbiologically in widely different reactions such as 

The degradation of carbon tetrachloride to COj by a Pseudomonas sp. (Criddle et al. 1990), although a substantial part of the label was retained in nonvolatile water-soluble residues (Lewis and Crawford 1995). The nature of this was revealed by isolation of adducts with cysteine and N,N -dimethylethylenediamine in which intermediates formally equivalent to COCI2 and CSCI2 were trapped, presumably formed by reaction of the substrate with water and a thiol, respectively. Further consideration of these reactions is given in Chapter 7, Part 3. 

The nonstoichiometric production of trichloromethane from tetrachloromethane by Shewanella putrefaciens (Picardal et al. 1993). 

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Peroxyacetyl nitrate and related compounds containing the -C(0)00N02 moiety, such as peroxybenzoyl nitrate (PBN),... 

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