Nicotine preparation, liquid

Alkaloids are usually basic and combine with acids to form alkaloid salts, a property often exploited to extract them from their source. Other alkaloids occur naturally as salts of organic acids. Common salts include hydrochlorides, salicylates, sulphates, nitrates, acetates, and tartrates such as morphine acetate, cocaine hydrochloride, and strychnine nitrate. Water, alcohol, and ether solutions of alkaloids and their salts are often used to administer or carry the alkaloid, particularly for medicinal purposes. Nicotine preparations can include a variety of liquid and solid mixtures of nicotine (soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and water), nicotine salts, and many other nicotine compounds (e.g., nicotine sulphate and nicotine tartrate). 

Niflumic acid is prepared as follows Nicotinic acid, m-trifluoromethylaniline, and potassium iodide are intimately mixed and heated on an oil bath at 140°C. The mixture melts to give a dark red liquid. The temperature of the oil bath is allowed to fall to 100°C and is maintained at this temperature for an hour and a half. The mixture puffs up and forms a yellow crystalline mass. After cooling to ordinary temperature, this mass is ground up in a mortar and extracted several times with small volumes of ether to remove excess m-trifluoromethylaniline. The residue is then washed twice with 10 ml of distilled water to remove m-trifluoromethylaniline hydrochloride and potassium iodide, and finally twice with 10 ml of 95% alcohol to remove colored resinous contaminants. After drying at 100°C, 2-(m-trifluoromethylanilino)nicotinic acid is obtained as pale yellow needles (from 70% ethanol) melting at 204°C (Kofler block). 

Besides the traditional wet granulation, surface adsorbents, especially porous materials, are very helpful for maintaining liquid in a granulation. For example, calcium silicate, a fine porous powder, has been successfully used to adsorb an oily medicine, tocopheryl nicotinate. Due to the high capillarity of the pores inside calcium silicate, the adsorbent has an excellent liquid-holding ability. In the formulation preparation, after drug dissolved in ethanol was adsorbed on calcium silicate, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) was added to the mixture and granulated to improve flowability. 

The pyridodiazocine (27) is formed by Sommelet-Hauser rearrangement of the nicotinium salt (26 R = NH2 X = OMes ) in liquid ammonia in the presence of sodamide.42 The key step in the preparation of nicotine—2—carboxamide (29) is the Minisci carbamoylation of the pyrrolinylpyridine (28).43... 

Asa new medium for enantioselective catalysis Kitazume prepared the chiral ionic liquid [(—)-N-ethylnicotinium][(CF3S02)2N] from (S)-nicotine. This ionic liquid was examined as the solvent for the kinetic resolution of l-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol mediated by Pseudomonas cepacia lipase. Only low enantioselectivities were obtained in this new medium [68,69]... 

A Barufflni, E De Lorenzi, C Gandini, M Kitsos, G MassoUni. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of a-tocopheryl nicotinate in cosmetic preparations. J Chromatogr 593 95-97, 1992. 

Nanocrystalline alloys were also possible to obtain by deposition. In this way several aluminium alloys from ionic liquids based on AICI3 were prepared. Of particular interest are electrochemically made Al-Mn alloys, which are widely used in the automobile industry for lightweight construction. An attempt was made to obtain nanoaystalline AlxMny alloys electrochemically by adding MnQ2 and nicotinic acid to a Lewis acidic ionic liquid. The deposition was performed by using a current density of 1=0.5 mAcm on glassy carbon. 

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