Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form

NADPH—p-Nicotinamide adenine-dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form. 

Endogenous NO is produced almost exclusively by L-arginine catabolism to L-citrul-line in a reaction catalyzed by a family of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) [3]. In the first step, Arg is hydroxylated to an enzyme-bound intermediate "-hydroxy-1.-arginine (NHA), and 1 mol of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form) and O2 are consumed. In the second step, N H A is oxidized to citrulline and NO, with consumption of 0.5 mol of NADPH and 1 mol of 02 (Scheme 1.1). Oxygen activation in both steps is carried out by the enzyme-bound heme, which derives electrons from NADPH. Mammalian NOS consists of an N-terminal oxy-... 

NAD(P)H nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (reduced form)... 

Fi9ure 2.10 Formation of ajmaline. NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) CoA, coenzyme A. 

Figure 5.3 Outline of the mevalonate pathway for the formation of C5 isoprenoid units. Most research has focused on HMC-CoA reductase (HMCR), the rate-determining step in terpenoid biosynthesis in mammals. P indicates a phosphate moiety. HMC-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) SCoA, S-Coenzyme A (to which acetate is attached) CoASH, free coenzyme A.

An alternative method for detecting the fructose produced involves the use of ffuctokinase (EC 2.7.1.4), phosphoglucose isomerase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), measuring in this case the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) produced. ... 

There are two pathways degrading glucose to pyruvate i.e., the Embden-Meyerhof(EM) pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff(ED) pathway. By the EM pathway, 2 mol of NADH are produced while 1 mol each of NADH and NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, reduced form) is produced by the ED pathway as follows. 

NADPH P- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, Reduced Form... 

The xylose reductase (XR) catalyzes the first step of a fungal pathway that allows certain organisms to metabolize xylose, such as Candida boidinii [6], Candida guilliermondii [7], Candida tmpicalis [8], Candida parapsilosis [9], and Debaryomyces hansenii [10]. After the reduction of xylose to xylitol by XR in a manner that can utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form NADH) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form NADPH), xylitol is re-oxidized to xylulose by xyUtol dehydrogenase, which is often specific for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) [11]. Xylulose is then phosphorylated. An efficient, pathway should recycle the cosubstrate such that there is no... 

Chronic granulomatous disease results from an inability of phagocytic cells to produce bactericidal superoxide anions caused by a defect in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) oxidase enzyme of phagocytes. This leads to recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. About two thirds of patients inherit... 

In accordance with the recommendations of the commission on enzymes of the International Union of Biochemistry (see Nature 188, 464-466, I960 Science 182, 1548-1550, 1960 and Report of the Commission on Enzymes of the International Union of Biochemistry 1961, I.U.B. Symposium Series, Vol. 20, Pergamon Press, London) nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has been substituted fordiphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) nicotinamide-adenine dinuoleotide, reduced form (NADHj), for diphosphopyridiiie nucleotide, reduced form (DPNH) nicotinamide-adenine diuu-cleotide phosphate (NADP), for triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH2), for triphosphopyridine nucleotide, reduced form (TPNH). 

R-Mevalonic acid is formed by the reduction of (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA((3S)HMG-CoA) with NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/reduced form Chapter 10). (3S)-HMG-CoA is formed by the addition of an acetyl CoA unit to aceto-acetyl CoA, which itself is formed by the aldol condensation of two acetyl CoA units [1]. 

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form NADPH ftirR =P03 ... 

The thioredoxin system, composed of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form), thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, may be involved in the cellular sensitivity to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (Sasada et al. 1999). HeLa cells cultured with cisplatin showed a time-and dose-dependent reduction of intracellular thioredoxin reductase activity, which was well correlated with the decrease in cell viability after exposure to cisplatin. In a cell-free system, cisplatin was found to directly inactivate the reduced form of purified human thioredoxin reductase. The cis-platin-resistant variants of HeLa cells, estabUshed by continuous exposure to cisplatin, exhibited an increased expression and activity of thioredoxin reductase as well as thioredoxin compared with the... 

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