Nickel water-insoluble

The nickel(II) dithiocarbamate complexes are neutral, water-insoluble, usually square-planar, species, and they have been studied extensively by a range of physical techniques. The usual methods for the synthesis of dithiocarbamate complexes have been employed in the case of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II). In addition, McCormick and co-workers (330,332) found that CS2 inserted into the Ni-N bonds of [Ni(aziri-dine)4P+, [Nilaziridinelgf, and [Ni(2-methylaziridine)4] to afford dithiocarbamate complexes. The diamagnetic products are probably planar, but they have properties typical of dithiocarbamate complexes, and IR- and electronic-spectral measurements suggested that they may be examples of N,S-, rather than S,S-, bonded dithiocarbamates. The S,S-bonded complexes are however, obtained, by a slow rearrangement in methanol. The optically active lV-alkyl-iV(a-phenethyl)dithio-carbamates of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Cu(II) (XXIV) have been synthesized, and the optical activity was found to be related to the anisotropy of the charge-transfer transitions (332). 

Nickel is a silver-white, lustrous, hard, malleable, ductile, ferromagnetic metal that is relatively resistant to corrosion and is a fair conductor of heat and electricity. Nickel is a ubiquitous trace metal that occurs in soil, water, air, and in the biosphere. The average content in the earth s crust is about 0.008%. Nickel ore deposits are accumulations of nickel sulfide minerals (mostly pentlandite) and laterites. Nickel exists in five major forms elemental nickel and its alloys inorganic, water-soluble compounds (e.g., nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, and nickel nitrate) inorganic, water-insoluble compounds (e.g., nickel carbonate, nickel sulfide, and nickel oxide) organic, water-insoluble compounds and nickel carbonyl Ni(CO). ... 

The nickel oxide electrode is generally useful for the oxidation of alkanols in a basic electrolyte (Tables 8.3 and 8.4). Reactions are generally carrried out in an undivided cell at constant current and with a stainless steel cathode. Water-soluble primary alcohols give the carboxylic acid in good yields. Water insoluble alcohols are oxidised to the carboxylic acid as an emulsion. Short chain primary alcohols are effectively oxidised at room temperature whereas around 70 is required for the oxidation of long chain or branched chain primary alcohols. The oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones is carried out in 50 % tert-butanol as solvent [59], y-Lactones, such as 10, can be oxidised to the ketoacid in aqueous sodium hydroxide [59]. 

Nickel cyanide is practically stable in dilute acids at ordinary temperatures. Although the compound is water insoluble, it reacts with excess cyanide... 

Rubidium metal alloys with the other alkali metals, the alkaline-earth metals, antimony, bismuth, gold, and mercury. Rubidium forms double halide salts with antimony, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, thorium, and zinc. These complexes are generally water insoluble and not hygroscopic. The soluble rubidium compounds are acetate, bromide, carbonate, chloride, chromate, fluoride, formate, hydroxide, iodide,... 

To address this concern, several organic and inorganic reagents were evaluated as precipitants for heavy metals in a 10-34-0 (N-P2O5-K2O) fluid fertilizer and WPA. Trisodium trithiocyanuric acid (TMT-15), sodium polythiocarbonate (Thio-Red II), and sodium trithiocarbonate (5% Na2 CS3) precipitated arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, and zinc from 10-34-0. Ammonium cyanurate was ineffective in removing cadmium from 10-34-0. Thio-Red II and 5% Na2CS3 precipitated mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, and chromium from WPA. A water-insoluble starch xanthate adsorbed mercury, copper, and lead from 10-34-0 and WPA. Sodium sulfide, sodium polysulfide, and potassium ferrocyanide were tested as inorganic precipitants. The polysulfide was twice as effective as the sulfide alone, and concentrations of less than 10 ppm of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead were achieved in 10-34-0. Ferrocyanide reduced the concentrations of cadmium and nickel to less than 10 ppm in WPA. 

The water-insoluble, green NiO is obtained by thermal decomposition of NiC03 or Ni(N03)2 and crystallizes with the NaCl structure thin amorphous films of NiO exhibiting electrochromic behaviour (see Box 22.4) may be deposited by CVD (chemical vapour deposition, see Section 27.6) starting from [Ni(acac)2]. Nickel(II) oxide is antiferromagnetic... 

Dissolution and kinetics of water-insoluble nickel compounds... 

Certain inorganic, water-insoluble compounds (e.g., the potent carcinogen, nickel subsulfide, aNi3S2) that are practically insoluble in water have been shown to dissolve slowly during in-vitro incubation in serum or cytosol (Kuehn and Sunderman... 

In humans, the half-time for urinary elimination of nickel derived from water-insoluble nickel compounds inhaled by mold-makers in the glass industry was estimated to range from 30 to 50 h (Raithel et al. 

Following administration of water-insoluble nickel compounds to rodents, three principal categories of chronic toxic effects have been demonstrated ... 

Nickel Sulfate greenish yellow solid odorless soluble in water insoluble in ether and acetone MP (840°C, 1544°F) LSG (3.68) Nickel carbonyl colorless to brownish liquid musty odor insoluble in water MP (-25 C, 13°F) BP (43°C, 109°F) LSG (1.32). 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (nickel chloride) yellow or brown scales nickel chloride hexahydrate appears as green, deliquescent crystals or crystal powder anhydrous salt is golden yellow odorless solid soluble in ethanol and ammonium hydroxide soluble in water insoluble in ammonia MP (1,001°C, 1834°F) DN (3.55 g/cm at 20°C) SG (3.55) VD (NA) VP (1 mmHg at 671°C). (nickel sulfate) yellow cubes nickel sulfate hexahydrate appears as blue to blue-green tetragonal crystals of green transparent crystals becomes blue and opaque at room temperature odorless soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol insoluble in alcohol, ether, and acetone MP (840°C, 1544°F loses SOj) DN (3.68 g/cm at 20°C) SG (3.68) VD (NA). 

Nickel fluoride is a light yellow, homogeneous powder, nonhygroscopic unless mixed with hydrated nickel fluoride, insoluble in water but soluble in dilute ammonium hydroxide. 

Rubeanic acid, the diamide of dithio-oxalic acid, presents an equilibrium mixture with its tuatomeric (aci-) di-imido form as outlined on page 406. The aci-form combines with nickel, cobalt, and copper ions to give colored water-insoluble polynuclear coordination polymers. 

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