Zinc - nickel chloride

The coupling of two azinyl halides, in the presence of an appropriate electron source, also leads to the formation of diaryl compounds. 2-Iodopyrimidine and its derivatives were converted into the symmetrical 2,2 -bipyrimidines (7.88.) using activated copper. This method was found to give superior results,111 compared to the earlier reported nickel chloride-zinc system.112... 

KETONES Bis(phcnylthio)mcthanc. Chlomihexylborane. (irignard reagents. Nickel chloride-Zinc. o-Nitrophenyl sclcnocyanate. Organomagnesium(ll) iodides. PhcnylthiophenyKtrimethyl-silyllnielliane. 

Nickel acetylacetonate, 189 Nickel carbonyl, 125, 276 Nickel(II) chloride-Ethylene, 276 Nickel chloride-Zinc, 277... 

Chromium Salts Nickel Chloride Zinc Chloride... 

Resorcinol Derivatives. Aminophenols (qv) are important intermediates for the syntheses of dyes or active molecules for agrochemistry and pharmacy. Syntheses have been described involving resorcinol reacting with amines (91). For these reactions, a number of catalysts have been used / -toluene sulfonic acid (92), zinc chloride (93), zeoHtes and clays (94), and oxides supported on siUca (95). In particular, catalysts performing the condensation of ammonia with resorcinol have been described gadolinium oxide on siUca (96), nickel, or zinc phosphates (97), and iron phosphate (98). 

Natural gas contains both organic and inorganic sulfur compounds that must be removed to protect both the reforming and downstream methanol synthesis catalysts. Hydrodesulfurization across a cobalt or nickel molybdenum—zinc oxide fixed-bed sequence is the basis for an effective purification system. For high levels of sulfur, bulk removal in a Hquid absorption—stripping system followed by fixed-bed residual clean-up is more practical (see Sulfur REMOVAL AND RECOVERY). Chlorides and mercury may also be found in natural gas, particularly from offshore reservoirs. These poisons can be removed by activated alumina or carbon beds. 

Skin Inorganic acids (chromic, nitric) organic acids (acetic, butyric) inorganic alkalis (sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate) organic bases (amines) organic solvents. Dusts Detergents salts (nickel sulphate, zinc chloride) acids, alkalis, chromates. ... 

Halide exchange, sometimes call the Finkelstein reaction, is an equilibrium process, but it is often possible to shift the equilibrium." The reaction is most often applied to the preparation of iodides and fluorides. Iodides can be prepared from chlorides or bromides by taking advantage of the fact that sodium iodide, but not the bromide or chloride, is soluble in acetone. When an alkyl chloride or bromide is treated with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone, the equilibrium is shifted by the precipitation of sodium chloride or bromide. Since the mechanism is Sn2, the reaction is much more successful for primary halides than for secondary or tertiary halides sodium iodide in acetone can be used as a test for primary bromides or chlorides. Tertiary chlorides can be converted to iodides by treatment with excess Nal in CS2, with ZnCl2 as catalyst. " Vinylic bromides give vinylic iodides with retention of configuration when treated with KI and a nickel bromide-zinc catalyst," or with KI and Cul in hot HMPA." ... 

Detergents salts (nickel sulphate, zinc chloride) acids, alkalis, chromates. 

Other Methods of Preparation.—Ethyl 2-(D-ara6i no-tetrahydroxybutyl)-5-methyl-4-furoate has been prepared by heating D-glucose plus ethyl acetoacetate in aqueous alcohol without a catalyst,1 or from the same reagents (1 g. and 0.5 ml., respectively) in 0.5 ml. of 96% ethanol plus 1.5 ml. of water at room temperature in the presence of ferric chloride, zinc chloride (with small quantities of hydrochloric acid or of sodium hydroxide), cupric chloride, ferric sulfate, zinc sulfate, aluminum chloride, nickel chloride, or cobalt nitrate.18... 

Nickel precipitated from aqueous solutions of nickel chloride by aluminum or zinc dust is referred to as Urushibara catalyst and resembles Raney nickel in its activity [48. ... 

Dzandu et al. Zinc chloride, cobalt acetate, or nickel chloride... 

Zinc—Cobalt. Alloys of Zn—Co usually contain 0.3—0.8% cobalt. Higher cobalt alloys, from 4—8%, have shown better salt spray resistance (156), but the commonly plated alloy is 0.3—0.8%. One automotive company specifies 0.3—1.0%. Cobalt is expensive, and economics favor the lower alloys. Costs have been quoted for zinc—cobalt at 1.2 times the cost of chloride zinc, with zinc—nickel alloys at 1.5—1.6 times the chloride zinc. Deposits can be very bright, but the improved corrosion resistance advantage requires yellow or bronze chromates. Alkaline baths give fewer problems in plating components with lapped, spot-welded seams. 

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