Nickel binary compounds

A special technique which has yielded highly unstable and simple dinitrogen complexes trapped in low-temperature solids (N2 or Ar) is the metal atom cocondensation technique in low-temperature matrices. By the cocondensation of nickel atoms and N2 at 4.2-10 K the binary compounds Ni(N2) (n = 1-4) result, whose structure has been inferred from IR and... 

Stibine. Sbl h, is formed by hydrolysis of some metal antimonides or reduction (with hydrogen produced by addition of zinc and HC1) of antimony compounds, as in the Gutzeit test. It is decomposed by aqueous bases, in contrast with arsine. It reacts with metals at higher temperatures to give the antimonides. The antimonides of elements of group la. 2a, and 3a usually are stoichiometric, with antimony trivalent. With other metals, the binary compounds are essentially intermetallic. with such exceptions as the nickel series, Ni. Sb.. NiSb, Ni5Sb2 and Ni4Sb. 

Other elements with which nickel forms binary compounds, especially at higher temperature, are. boron, carbon, nitrogen, silicon, and phosphorus. Like NiO. these compounds may depart slightly or even considerably from daltonide composition, frequently being interstitial compounds, and with higher elements of transition groups 5 and 6, merging into the interstitial compound-solid solution picture which nickel exhibits with the other transition metals. 

Many compounds contain one or more polyatomic ions. Often these compounds contain three elements, in which case they are called tertiary compounds. Although they are not binary compounds, they still contain one type of anion and one type of cation. The same naming rules that apply to binary compounds apply to these compounds as well. For example, NH4C1 is called ammonium chloride. Na2S04 is called sodium sulfate. NiS04 is called nickel(II) sulfate. NH4N03 is called ammonium nitrate. 

Xenon and fluorine will react to form binary compounds when a mixture of these two gases is heated to 400°C in a nickel reaction vessel. A 100.0-mL nickel container is filled with xenon and fluorine giving partial pressures of 1.24 atm and 10.10 atm, respectively, at a temperature of 25°C. The reaction vessel is heated to 400°C to cause a reaction to occur and then cooled to a temperature at which F2 is a gas and the xenon fluoride is a nonvolatile solid. The remaining F2 gas is transferred to another 100.0-mL nickel container where the pressure of F2 at 25°C is 7.62 atm. Assuming all of the xenon has reacted, what is the formula of the product ... 

A binary compound of nickel and oxygen contains 78.06% nickel by mass. Is this a stoichiometric or a nonstoichiomet-ric compound Explain. 

Binary Compounds. Nickel n) oxide, a green solid, with the rock-salt structure is formed when the hydroxide, carbonate, oxalate or nitrate of nickel(n) is heated. It is insoluble in water but dissolves readily in acids. 

Other Binary Nickel(li) Compounds. A number of binary nickel compounds, probably all containing Ni11 but not all stoichiometric, may be obtained by direct reaction of nickel with various non-metals such as P, As, Sb, S, Se, Te, C and B. Nickel appears to form a nitride Ni3N. The existence of a hydride is doubtful although the finely divided metal absorbs hydrogen in considerable amounts. 

There are also many mixed carbonyl compounds, but the binary compounds were known first. Of these, the first known was Ni(CO), discovered by Ludwig Mond in 1890, and from this the reaction by which nickel can be purified is referred to as the Mond process. A fascinating aspect of carbonyl chemistry is that none of the main-group elements form metal carbonyls, so there are no zinc or magnesium derivatives. 

A majority of the elements in the periodic table form stable binary compounds with phosphorus. If the element is a metal, the binary compound formed is referred to as a phosphide. Many stoichiometries are known, and some metals form several different phosphides. Nickel, for example, forms eight known compounds. 

Burdett JK, Graham MA, Turner JJ. Binary compounds of dinitrogen with nickel, chromium, platinum, and copper a vibrational investigation of the metal-dinitrogen linkage. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans. 1972 1620-1625. 

Gschneidner and Verkade (1974). For nickel borides see Y-Ni-B. From lattice parameter changes the mutual solubilities of binary compounds were found to be insignificant. Six ternary compounds were observed from both the as-cast and heat treated alloys (table 3). 

Phosphides. Compounds of phosphoms containing the more electropositive elements are generally called phosphides. A large number of binary phosphides as well as many ternary mixed-metal phosphides, metal phosphide nitrides, etc, are known. Some binary phosphides, such as those of nickel, exhibit a variety of stoichiometries (Ni P, Ni P2, Nq2P5, Ni2P, Ni P, NiP, NiP2, NiP ), whereas others, such as aluminum, form only one (AlP). Metalloids such as B and Si also form phosphides. 

The fuels are finely powdered metals (2.0-10.0 g) among which titanium, zirconium, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum and antimony are very common. Sometimes, non-metal powders such as boron and silicon (for fast burning delays), binary alloy powders such as ferrosilicon, zirconium-nickel, aluminum-palladium and metal compounds such as antimony sulfide, calcium silicide etc. are also used. 

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